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Drug Abuse Essay - 3291 Words

Drug Abuse The term drug abuse most often refers to the use of a drug with such frequency that it causes physical or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning. Although the term seems to imply that users abuse the drugs they take, in fact, it is themselves or others they abuse by using drugs. Traditionally, the term drug abuse referred to the use of any drug prohibited by law, regardless of whether it was actually harmful or not. This meant that any use of marijuana, for example, even if it occurred only once in a while, would constitute abuse, while the same level of alcohol†¦show more content†¦Such substancesÑlegal and illegalÑinfluence or alter the workings of the mind; they affect moods, emotions, feelings, and thinking processes. Drug Dependence Drug abuse must be distinguished from drug dependence. Drug dependence, formerly called drug addiction, is defined by three basic characteristics. First, users continue to take a drug over an extended period of time. Just how long this period is depends on the drug and the user. Second, users find it difficult to stop using the drug. They seem powerless to quit. Users take extraordinary and often harmful measures to continue using the drug. How dependency-producing a drug is can be measured by how much users go through to continue taking it. Third, if users stop taking their drugÑif their supply of the drug is cut off, or if they are forced to quit for any reasonÑthey will undergo painful physical or mental distress. The experience of withdrawal symptoms distress, called the withdrawal syndrome, is a sure sign that a drug is dependency-producing and that a given user is dependent on a particular drug. Drug dependence may lead to drug abuseÑespecially of illegal drugs. Psychoactive, or mind-altering, substances are found the world over. The coca plant grows in the Andes of South America and contains 1 to 2 percent cocaine. The marijuana plant, Cannabis sativa, contains a group of chemicals calledShow MoreRelatedDrug Of Drug And Drug Abuse1538 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Resistance Drug use has become an increasing problem among high schoolers and teenagers around the same age. Ever since the drug war of the 1900s, drugs have been a major problem in today’s society. â€Å"Use of drugs such as opium, morphine, and other byproducts were common in twentieth century America† (Dobkin, 1998). While most students in standard high school drug education know about the use of coca leaves in Coca-Cola and the opium trade in China, drug addiction during the century is muchRead MoreDrug Abuse1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of and abuse of illegal and prescription drugs are a health, social, and law enforcement problem that is affecting Americans across the country. Drug abuse is destroying the lives of many teens and adults and is also destroying families in the United States. The use of drugs is a major problem in the United States among all Americans, but drug addiction is the main cause for America s troubled teens today. Exactly what is a drug? A drug is any chemical that produces a therapeutic or non-therapeuticRead MoreDrug Abuse8640 Words   |  35 Pagesreport on ‘drug abuse’ has been made by our group to give an idea of the calamitous cause of using drugs in improper way. The report is intended to serve the purpose of providing the knowledge about drug abuse and to suggest ways to help limit drug abuse. An effort has been made on our part to include certain symptoms which indicate drug abuse. Also throughout the report, repetitive use of the drug abuse’ has been made to instate into the minds of the reader the cause of using drug abuse in an illicitRead MoreDrug Abuse And Addiction : Drugs977 Words   |  4 PagesDrug abuse/addiction Jeremy Graham May 11, 2015 Period, 5 Drug abuse and addiction Drug abuse/addiction is a major problem in Indiana that affects many individual. Several solutions such as rehab and drug classes have been tried. Yet, the best solution is taking drug classes. Many people do not understand why people become addicted to drugs or how drugs change the brain to foster compulsive drug abuse. They mistakenly view drug abuse and addiction as strictly a socialRead MoreDrug Abuse2895 Words   |  12 PagesDay against Drug Abuse and Illicit Trafficking every year. It is an exercise undertaken by the world community to sensitize the people in general and the youth in particular, to the menace of drugs. The picture is grim if the world statistics on the drugs scenario is taken into account. With a turnover of around $500 billions, it is the third largest business in the world, next to petroleum and arms trade. About 190 million people all over the world consume one drug or the other. Drug addiction causesRead MoreDrug Abuse and Prevention1510 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of prevention is to limit the availability of drugs (Hart Ksir, 2011, p. 400), but this is not essentially the best way. Addiction affects everyone. According to the National Inst itute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), substance abuse cost our nation â€Å"more than $484 billion dollars (The National Institute on Drug Abuse ).† So although you might not be directly impacted by drug abuse, as a whole your tax dollars are spent on fighting the war on drugs. Currently there are several different types of substanceRead MoreDrug Abuse On The Workplace Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Abuse in the Workplace: The human resource topic I chose to write my research paper on is â€Å"Drug Abuse in the Workplace†. Drug abuse in the workplace is something very common that many of us will encounter at some point. Alcohol and drug abuse has a major effect on employee absence and lost productively that leaves a negative working environment. It is important a company addresses the right guidelines to keep a drug free workplace. Establishing a clear and fair substanceRead MoreDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) defines drug abuse as, â€Å" It becomes drug abuse when people use illegal drugs or use legal drugs inappropriately.† This may include; the repeated uses of drugs to produce pleasure, alleviates stress, and/or alters or avoids reality. The perception of addiction and substance abuse has been widely known for many years, but the medical community has failed to accept and publicly this issue among it own members . Drug abuse by nurses is prevalent in today societyRead MoreInjectable Drug Abuse1488 Words   |  6 PagesMEMORANDUM INJECTABLE DRUG ABUSE: GROWING CHALLENGE IN NORTH-EASTERN PART OF INDIA FROM: AE28697 TO: Ministry of development of north east affairs, India RE: Scenario C-Health and harm reduction DATE: 19 October 2013 Introduction North-east (NE) India is connected to remaining part of India through a constricted passage known as Siliguri Corridor squeezed between Nepal and Bangladesh (Hussain, 2011). It comprises of seven sister states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, NagalandRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Prescription Drugs1487 Words   |  6 PagesPrescription Drug Abuse Prescription Drug Abuse has increased in an alarming rate over recent years! Prescription drug related deaths now outnumber those from heroin and cocaine combined. The abuse in prescription drugs in America goes back more than a hundred years ago. Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited. Although prescription medications are intended to help individuals, they can

The Marginal Population Of Mumbai Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The paper tries to give an penetration about the exclusion of the unseeable population in Mumbai by a peculiar wellness strategy implemented in the province of Maharashtra. The paper besides highlights some of the issues faced by this peculiar group from the experience of the field as a pupil societal worker The chief statement of this paper is the usage of specific standards in placing donees for the strategy which is already debatable and has been contested by many intellectuals in India thereby excepting meriting donees which is beyond the purpose a public assistance province. Introduction â€Å" Welfare province is a construct of authorities in which the province plays a cardinal function in the protection and publicity of the economic and societal wellbeing of its citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on The Marginal Population Of Mumbai Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is based on the rules of equality of chance, just distribution of wealth, and public duty for those unable to avail themselves of the minimum commissariats for a good life † ( Beginnings: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britannica.com ) . â€Å" The Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences describes a public assistance province as a province which takes up the duty to supply a minimal criterion of subsistence to its citizens. Therefore, in a public assistance province, the disposal enters into economic, political, societal and educational life of persons. And it provides services to persons, right from an person ‘s birth to decease † ( Social Welfare Administration: Concept, Nature and Scope, moodle.tiss.edu ) . In a public assistance province, the province takes the duty to function the aged, ill, orphans, widows, helpless, oppressed and the handicapped people whenever they are in demand of services. As a public assistance province the province implements assorted public assistance strategies for the citizens at big. The public assistance province typically includes proviso of wellness services, basic instruction, and lodging ( in some instances at low cost or free of charge ) etc. for the populace at big. When we talk about a public assistance province, the policies are inclusive of Torahs, directive, and planning in the Fieldss of employment, revenue enhancement, societal insurance and societal aid and population policy etc. The modern usage of the term public assistance province is coupled with the wide-ranging steps of societal insurance adopted in 1948 by Britain on the footing of the study on Social Insurance and Allied ServicesA ( 1942 ) . In the twentieth century, as the earlier construct of the inert individualistic province was steadily abandoned, about all provinces ( in the western states ) sought to supply at least some of the steps of societal insurance associated with the rules of public assistance province. Therefore, in the United States came up with theA † New Deal † A of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and theA † Fair Deal † A of President Harry S. Truman, and a big portion of the domestic plans of ulterior presidents were based on the rules of the public assistance province ( Beginnings: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britannica.com ) . During the clip of British regulation in India, from the early nineteenth century till India ‘s independency, the welfare-political sphere of India has witnessed the formation of a great trade of societal motions, rooted from distinguishable, and aggressively divided societal categories like the dramatis personae and, subsequently on, spiritual communities of that clip who resentfully opposed the active badgering province of societal personal businesss ( Aspalter 2003 ) . Though it was excessively early to believe about societal security programs and other meaningful societal policy steps, during the British regulation in India, the Government did establish a series of societal policy statute law which focused chiefly on the decrease of societal diswelfare instead than the construct of new signifiers of public assistance plans and ordinances ( Aspalter 2003 ) . During that clip Social statute law, aimed at the stoping of harmful societal patterns and societal inequalities, patt erns like kid matrimony, limitation on widow rhenium matrimony, cast based favoritism etc. By presenting the first societal security statute law of modern India, Workmen ‘s Compensation Act 1923 the Indian societal security system made the first of import measure in way of a notable public assistance system. The act has proviso for compensation for accidents taking to decease, or entire or partial disability for more than three yearss, if the accident occurred in the class of employment, compensation for occupational disease etc ( Chowdhry 1985, Cited in Aspalter 2003, pp. 156-157 ) . The period following the divider, the Indian authorities passed a series of new Torahs with respect to labour and societal public assistance, even before the operation of the new fundamental law in 1950 ( Goel and Jain 1988, Cited in Aspalter 2003, pp 169-160 ) . After 1950, the Indian authorities of India undertook many attempts in the field of societal security ( Aspalter 2003 ) , â€Å" Over the old ages the authorities established, in add-on, illness insurance, a pension program, p regnancy benefits, particular disablement benefits, infirmary leave, a productivity-linked fillip strategy, assorted decreases of lodging, electricity, and H2O rates, a deposit-linked insurance strategy ( which functions similar to a life insurance ) , and death-cum-retirement tip for Cardinal Government employees. Employees of public sector projects and other independent organisations may gain from Employees State Insurance, Employees Family Pension Scheme, lodging benefits, particular societal aid strategies for handicapped individuals, widows, dependent kids, etc † ( Aspalter 2003 ) . Till now India has witnessed assorted strategies, policies, ordinances and statute laws etc aimed at the public assistance of its citizens, the lone inquiry remains is that how the province has been able to turn this policies into world, inclusive of all citizens of the state particularly the marginal ‘s. The ulterior portion of this paper will seek to critically see a wellness strategy launched in the State of Maharashtra meant of the poorer subdivision of the society which aims at supplying free wellness strategies to BPL households. It will be chiefly based on unrecorded experience from the Fieldss as a pupil Social Worker. Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Arogya Yojana ( RGJAY ) The Maharashtra authorities launched the Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayi Arogya Yojana on 18th December 2011 with the purpose to enable households with one-year income of less than Rs. 1 million rupees to avail free medical installations deserving Rs. 1.5 million. The Maharashtra province Health Minister Suresh Shetty announced that said strategy, when to the full implemented, would profit close to 2.5 billion households ( The Hindu, 19 Dec. 2011 ) . The strategy will be implemented throughout the province of Maharashtra in phased mode for a period of 3 old ages. The strategy covers eight territory of the province boulder clay now ( Gadchiroli, Amravati, Nanded, Sholapur, Dhule, Raigad, Mumbai and Suburbs ) . The strategy is aimed at bettering medical entree installation for both BPL and APL households which will in bend enhance the quality of medical attention to BPL and APL households. The donees will each acquire a wellness insurance policy and the EMIs of which will be paid by the State authorities. The strategy will widen quality medical attention for identified forte services, necessitating hospitalization for surgeries and therapies or audiences, through an identified web of wellness attention suppliers. The Scheme will supply coverage for run intoing all disbursals associating to hospitalization of the beneficiary up to Rs. 1, 50,000/- per household per twelvemonth in any of the Empanelled Hospital topic to Box Ratess on cashless footing through Health cards or valid Orange/Yellow Ration Card. The benefit shall be available to each and every member of the household on floater footing i.e. the entire one-year coverage of 1.5 million rupees can be availed by one person or jointly by all members of the household. The Scheme will cover the full cost of intervention of the patient from day of the month of describing to his discharge from infirmary including complications if any, doing the dealing genuinely cashless to the patient. In case of decease, the passenger car of dead organic structure from web infirmary to the village/township would besides be portion of bundle. The Network Hospitals will besides supply free follow-up audience, nosologies, and medical specialties under the strategy up to 10 yearss from the day of the month of discharge. A When the beneficiary visits the selected web infirmary and services of selected web infirmary, harmonizing to the strategy shall be made available ( Capable to handiness of beds ) . In case of non- handiness of beds at web infirmary, the installation of cross referral to nearest another Network infirmary is to be made available and Arogyamitra ( the staff covering with the said strategy in a web infirmary ) will besides supply the donee with the list of nearby web infirmaries. All eligible households in the enforced territories will be provided with Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Arogya Yojana Health Cards though this has non implemented wholly till now. For the clip being till the issue of wellness cards, the valid Orange/Yellow Ration Card with Aadhaar figure or, any Photo ID card of beneficiary ( if Aadhaar figure is non available ) issued by Government bureaus ( Driving License, Election ID, ) to correlate the patient name and exposure is accepted in stead of wellness card to avail the benefits by a donee. The Health Cards to be issued will be used for the intent of placing beneficiary households in the household under the said Scheme. The Family Health Cards will be issued by utilizing informations from valid Yellow or Orange ration cards coupled with Aadhaar Numberss issued by UID governments. Till now from July 2nd 2012 there is 78919 households have been registered under this strategy and 154571 patients have been benefited. Total of 43503 surgeries/therapies has been performed including both authorities and private infirmaries. ( Beginnings: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jeevandayee.gov.in ) The fringy population of Mumbai and the RGJAY One-half of the population in Mumbai is either homeless or lives in informal or semi lasting lodging. Harmonizing to the 2001 nose count of India, out of 11.9 million people populating in the metropolis, 5.8 million people lives in shanty towns or slums or on pavings ( Levinson, 2004 ) . A turning figure ofA migrantsA looking for employment and better life criterions are rapidly fall ining Mumbai ‘s stateless population. NGO’sA are assisting to alleviate the homelessness crisis in Mumbai, but these organisations are non plenty to work out the full job. And there are less figure of NGO ‘s working with this population with respect to wellness issues of this peculiar population. As I have been working with this population since the beginning of the MA class in TISS, I have some basic apprehension of this peculiar population and their issues with wellness and entree to wellness attention. Health attention for stateless people or people in destitution is a major public wellness challenge in Mumbai. They are more likely to endure hurts and medical jobs because their life style on the street, which besides includes hapless nutrition, exposure to extreme conditions conditions, and a higher opportunity of indulging in force and dependence to chemical substance and alcohol addiction. Yet at the same clip, they have small or no entree to public medical services. Many a times working as a pupil societal worker at the bureau where I have been placed, had to reason with hospital governments to acquire a street patient admitted. Unless they are non accompanied by any 3rd party ( NGO or the Police ) the infirmaries barely admits them. They are denied of basic installations of wellness attention. This peculiar population frequently finds troubles in keeping their paperss like individuality cogent evidence paperss, Because stateless people normally have no topographic point at all to hive away their ownerships, they often lose their ownerships, including their designation and other paperss, or happen them destroyed by constabulary or BMC which is really common in Mumbai. One a young person from Murti Galli, Khar route narrated me how he lost his paperss in Mumbai inundations, 2006. Many times they are chased off from the railroad platforms, foot waies etc. Without an ID cogent evidence, they are denied to entree many societal services schemes. Many do non possess basic citizenship cards, like elector ‘s ID, ration cards etc. Sing at the scope of exposures that this peculiar population faces and their issues with wellness, I have the sentiment that they should be the precedence as a mark group in any public assistance strategies. As a typical societal public assistance strategy RGJAY has neglected this peculiar unseeable population by utilizing a debatable standard to aim population ‘Within India, there has been turning controversy around the appraisal of poorness, peculiarly in the period of economic reforms. First, there are relentless dissensions among economic experts on whether the rate of poorness diminution after economic reforms was slower than in the preceding period. Second, the displacement to targeted, instead than universal, public assistance strategies has witnessed the usage of poorness estimations to make up one’s mind on the figure of families eligible to entree these strategies ‘ ( Ramakumar 2010 ) . The appraisal of poorness in India is controversial, with many committees coming up with different poorness lines. ‘Errors of â€Å" incorrect exclusion † in targeted programmes in India are due to the separation of the procedures of ( a ) the appraisal of the fig ure of hapless and ( B ) the designation of the hapless. It is for the absence of a dependable and executable method of uniting appraisal and designation that political and societal motions have been demanding the universalisation of public assistance strategies like the PDS ‘ ( Ramakumar 2010 ) . The RGJAY has besides used the undependable BPL/APL cards to place the donees excepting many of the population who needs such strategy the most. It ‘s high clip the authorities as a public assistance province device new aiming system for public assistance strategies which is inclusive of all the fringy and unseeable population, they are the 1 who needs such intercession the most, or universalise basic public assistance strategies with respect to wellness, nutrients and support etc. How to cite The Marginal Population Of Mumbai Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Breast Impants Essay Research Paper Breast ImplantsIShould free essay sample

Breast Impants Essay, Research Paper Breast Implants I. Should breast implants be concidered unsafe or are they safe for adult females to utilize? Small-breasted adult females in America say that they feel inferior or unfeminine in a civilization where chest size is a major issue. Popular manner theoretical accounts today are normally thin, but large-breasted, particularly those who model intimate apparel, flushing wear and swimwears. With American civilization looking to compare cleavage with amorousness, it is no admiration that some smaller-breasted adult females doubt their attraction and recive implants that make their chests larger.The explosive popularity of chest implants over the past three decennaries has waned late, nevertheless, as a consequence of a turning contention over their safety. Are breast implants unsafe? Do they do otherwise healthy adult females to go sick? Or are they a safe option for adult females who either lose a chest to malignant neoplastic disease or merely want to alter the manner they look? There are two chief sorts of breast implants-those filled with silicone gel and those filled with saline ( a salt-water solution ) enclosed in a difficult silicone shell. We will write a custom essay sample on Breast Impants Essay Research Paper Breast ImplantsIShould or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While critics contend that implants pose a menace to adult females? s wellness, guardians insist that that no cause and consequence relationship has been established between implants and disease. II. Why Women Want Breast Implants A 1986 Psychology Today study found that tierce of American adult females were unhappy with the size of their chests. For many grounds, personal organic structure image and self-pride are closely interwined. Young adult females are bombarded with images of the? Perfect? female body-often the kind of organic structure they feel that work forces most admire and covet, and a criterion that is about impossible to run into. Many misss foremost go body-conscious during adolescence, when they notice alterations in their chest sizes ; some adult females remain determined, frequently because of a lingering deficiency of self-pride or assurance, to seek through chest augmentation what they consider to be flawlessness. Eighty per centum of adult females who seek chest implants do so for decorative reasons-they privation to hold larger chests. The staying 20 % seek chest Reconstruction after they have had a mastectomy ( breast remotion ) due to malignant neoplastic disease. Many breast-cancer subsisters suffer important psychological injury at the loss of a chest, and chest implants are a important component in doing the adult females feel whole once more. Despite the 1000s of adult females who say they h ave encountered jobs with implants,90 % of adult females who have had breast-augmentation surgery are satisfied with the consequences, harmonizing to a 1990 study conducted by the American Society of Plastic and Reconstuctive Surgeons ( ASPRS ) . III. History of Implants 1962- Researchers invent foremost silicone-gel chest implants ; it goes on the market. 1969- Saline chest implants introduced. 1976- Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) given authorization to modulate chest implants. 1978- Dow Corning Corp.scientists tells FDA that surveies are necessary to find hazards of implants. 1988- FDA decides to see chest implants as Class III devices ; makers are required to subject informations on their safety. 1991- FDA notifies implant makers that they must subject safety informations. 1992- FDA imposes voluntary prohibition on sale of silicone-gel implants, mentioning deficiency of safety informations ; allows limited usage of that type of implant if receivers participate in surveies. 1994- FDA notifies shapers of saline implants that they must subject informations on safety. 1994- Mayo Clinic survey finds no nexus between silicone-gel implants and connective-tissue diseases. 1994- U.S. District Judge Sam C. Pointer approves largest merchandise liability colony in U.S. history: implant shapers are to pay out $ 4.25 billion over 30 old ages to adult females who say implants made them vomit. 1995- Dow Corning, the state? s largest implant maker until it ceased production of implants in 1992, declares bankruptcy in May, mentioning surging judicial proceeding costs. 1995- Harvard University survey reports no nexus found between silicone-gel implants and connective-tissue disease. IV. What Are the Dangers There are certain unchallenged jeopardies associated with chest implants, and makers say they have been clear about them. Among the hazards outlined by implant shapers: implants can tear or leak, weave around implants can indurate, do hurting and alter the chest? s visual aspect ( a status called? capsular contracture? ) , and implants can interfere with physicians? ability to observe tumours. In add-on to these dangers, there has been fear-although unsubstaintiated to date-that chest implants can do malignant neoplastic disease. In fact, merely one type of implant, once made by Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. , has been linked to malignant neoplastic disease, and that implant was withdrawn from the market in 1991. The FDA now says the hazard of acquiring malignant neoplastic disease from implant is one in a million, and non worth the hazard of holding the implant removed. The wellness argument has centered on the effects of silicone gel on the human immune system. Patients and their physicians allege that silicone implants have caused serious autoimmune diseases. An autoimmune disease is one in which the organic structure? s immune system attacks its ain cells. The implants are alleged to hold caused a figure of unwellnesss, including dermatosclerosis ( a hardening of the tegument and interior variety meats, which can be fatal ) , lupus erythematosus ( a disease characerized by redness of tegument, articulation, lungs or kidneys ) , and rheumatoid arthritis ( chronic articulation redness ) . The symptoms described by affected adult females include weariness, hurting articulations, roseolas and conceited lymph nodes. Some adult females who have had their implants removed say their symptoms have vanished and they feel absolutely healthy once more, while others claim that the symptoms have non disappeared. Implant makers and fictile sawboness insist that implants are safe. After several surveies, the scientific constitution has found no connexion between silicone-gel chest implants and these diseases, and even the American Medical Association ( AMA ) says it? s clip the FDA lifted the prohibition. Those who belive that implants play a causative function in disease, such as Dr.Sidney M Wolfe of the protagonism organisation Public Citizen Health Research Group, complain that the surveies have been flawed-they have non looked at the right indexs for disease, they have looked at excessively few adult females and they have been funded by partizan groups who could act upon their results. Wolfe and his protagonists want the FDA prohibition to remain in topographic point. V. In decision to if adult females should utilize chest implants I steadfastly belive that adult females should make up ones mind if they want to utilize them or non. I mean they already know the effects and dangers it might show so it? s thier decicion. I besides think that they should work more on look intoing all the hazards that chest implants may do because they are non wholly certain of the dangers that these things might do.

Western Front and Testament of Youth Essay Example

Western Front and Testament of Youth Paper World War One is well-known for the horrific amount of men who died in it, many of whom did not fully believe in or understand the causes they fought for. War literature presents the modern reader with peoples experiences from the period. Their views are integral in shaping our own opinions on war. Although war literature often differs in its composition, many themes are concurrent throughout the genre. All Quiet on the Western Front by Remarque and Testament of Youth by Vera Brittain, both portray the theme of futility of war. They are both drastically different in their portrayal, one an account from a German soldier and the other, an autobiography by a British woman; the ideas that they present on how war is futile presents a human wide consciousness of its futility and begs the readers to question the human nature of declaring and fighting war. The First World War was dubbed the war to end all wars but it did not end all wars as the name might suggest, rather it simply set the pattern for new and even more mechanised killing. Remarque thoroughly explores the impersonality of killing and the idea of a mechanised war in All Quiet on the Western Front. We will write a custom essay sample on Western Front and Testament of Youth specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Western Front and Testament of Youth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Western Front and Testament of Youth specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One way in which he presents this idea is through a very matter of fact approach to fighting and injury such as: Kat and Kropp even make another sortie during the afternoon. In the process Kropp gets an earlobe shot off. Vera Brittain also uses a matter of fact approach in her writing rather than romanticising the injuries she witnessed. It is likely that Remarques own experiences in the war heavily contributed to this novel; several of his other novels also dealt with the atrocities of the war and its aftermath. Injured by British shell-splinters at Passchendaele, Remarque witnessed first hand the brutality of war and hence this is a key theme throughout the novel. By presenting how brutal war was, he helps to destroy the false fai ade of the glory and honour of war and in a sense demonises the way in which it destroys the livelihoods of soldiers on the front and civilians back home. As a result, after the Nazis came to power, All Quiet on the Western Front was subject to their book burning. Vera Brittain also destroys the false faade of the glory and honour of war after she learns of the death of her fianci Roland. The loss of honour and glory is symbolised by Rolands returned kit. Notably, his badge, which would represent his honour and that of the army, was thickly coated in mud. He must have fallen on top of it, or perhaps one of the people who fetched him in trampled on it. This suggests that the honour that the badge represents has been soiled by the war, the badge now symbolises the horror of war without its glory. This is also ambivalent in the sense that she suggests he may have fallen on top of it, rather than just presenting how the war is no longer honourable it also suggests that there was no glory in his death and that his death and that death and destruction is what the war truly symbolises. Vera Brittain has altered the clichi of falling on ones sword to illustrate how the soldiers did not die traditional heroic deaths, but like her own fianci died for no military benefit. In addition, her reference of the returned kit as relics suggests that this is all that is left of her fianci  after the death and decay of the war. It represents her attitude towards the war, the return of the kit causes her realisation of all that France meant, that France meant death and destruction for both sides. It is however ambiguous as there is a level of conceit in all that France meant. She surprisingly compares France, which is often seen as cultural and beautiful, to death and destruction perhaps highlighting the idea that civilisation leans itself to war and that after this war is at end it will not be long until the next begins. This is a clever if not relatively elaborate way to express her view on the futility of war, that no matter what they say this war will not end all wars, it is a futile loss of life. Killing removes all honour and glory from both country and men and there shall be no benefit to either side on victory or loss because both ironically mean death. The frankness in which she portrays these ideas is of high importance, but it also unnerved many of the original reviewers. James Agate wrote that it reminded him of a woman crying in the street. One can see how he may have formed his opinion and it illustrates Brittains dramatic responses to the events yet I find him a little unjust in his criticism. Testament of Youth was the real book of the women of England1 and presents the strife of women during World War One. Virginia Woolf expressed the more widespread response, she mocked the story of how she lost her lover and the other clichi s of war literature, she admitted that much about the book had interested her and in turn had left its mark on her own novel The Years that had been influenced by Brittains connection between feminism and pacifism2. Remarque expresses the theme of brutality of war through his clever use of irony, such as in the first chapter. On the opening page of the first chapter, the protagonist narrates: We havent had a stroke of luck like this for ages. The men feel lucky for receiving a double ration yet this is due to the fact they lost a large amount of men because the English guns kept on pounding [their] position. This is both an example of verbal and structured irony, which is used extensively throughout the novel. It is first perceived that the double rations are what are lucky, but the death of half the platoon provides the luck. It is structured irony also, because the remainder of the platoon know they are lucky in receiving the extra rations due to the death of half of their platoon, yet they do not understand its significance. They have been immune to the concept of death to survive. The reader however is presented with mass carnage and the idea of other humans revelling in this stroke of luck. This depicts how the men have been dehumanised by the war; they revel in the death of their own kin because it helps to save their own lives. This irony is key in presenting Remarques view on how the war is futile. Imagery is another integral part in Remarques development of the theme of brutality of war and so how he presents war as being futile. Paul narrates, Its as if it is not the guns that are roaring; its as if the very earth is raging. The war has become so brutal and the killing so impersonal that it is no longer as if there are two sides fighting each other but more as if the earth is fighting humanity. Remarque is also careful to make sure the use of the word enemy is rare and instead Bi umer refers to the others, or to those over there. Vera Brittain is also hesitant to use the word enemy, instead stating that the men had been ordered to fire against the advancing Germans. This reinforces the idea that the earth is fighting humanity. Both sides are experiencing terrible losses and appalling conditions. Vera Brittain describes how she saw the hand of a man whod been killed only that morning beginning to turn green and yellow which demonstrates her use of imagery to graphically illustrate the horrors of war. The idea that both writers from opposing nations record the same details suggests that death itself is the enemy. If death itself is the enemy rather than the opposing side, the very fact that they are fighting is futile. There are no gains to either side, apart from the gain in numbers of death and casualties. Remarque also focuses heavily on the dehumanisation process of front-line soldiers, and remarks upon how all conventions of society lose their place in war in place of pure human instinct for survival. One such scene that demonstrates this is when Bi umer, Kropp and Mi ller use the latrines, they: pull three if them together in a circle and make [themselves] comfortable. It is quite a peculiar image of three men making themselves comfortable whilst in each others company using the latrines. It could be argued to be satirical, ridiculing how society acts in demonising and hiding natural parts of human life. However, I am inclined to believe that Remarque is hinting at how the soldiers have been dehumanised. Due to the loss of their social upbringing they will find it difficult to integrate back into society should they survive the war. This suggests that Remarque views the war as futile because even should the men survive they will not be in a position to live how they used to and in a sense have perished. Brian Murdoch, the translator and author of the afterword suggests that the novel presents the war without heroism but through terror and the loss of human dignity and values. This reinforces the idea that the dehumanisation of the soldiers is important in presenting the theme of futility of war. Whereas Remarque focuses heavily on the dehumanisation of men during the war, Vera Brittain concentrates profoundly upon the effects the war had at home through the themes of feminism and a prevailing sense of pacifism. Despite this, both Remarque and Vera Brittain focus on the effects on society by the war. Vera Brittain grew up in provincial comfort in the north of England, into a family that did not want her to follow her academic aspirations and so her experiences prior to the war evidently contribute to her feminist and pacifist ideology. She links her ideas of feminism to pacifism. Her aspirations to gain an education and then to work towards the war effort she had to confront her own susceptibility as a younger woman to the glamour of war. It became apparent that Brittain was ready to reject anything that identified war with grey crossed, and supreme sacrifices, and red poppies blowing against a serene blue sky. Both Testament of Youth and All Quiet on the Western Front, focus heavily on the theme of futility of war and as suggested by other critical appreciations of the texts, the focus on the novels concentrates heavily on illustration war without glory, without heroism. They both present death as the real enemy within war. Brittain focuses on the dismantling of the  ade of an honourable and glorious war, and invokes her feminist and pacifist ideology (much of what she forms after her experiences of the war) to demonstrate this. Whilst Remarque also illustrates how war is not glorious, his use of imagery and irony help to form images of how brutal war was and how it affected the lives of the young soldiers fighting in it. The theme of brutality of war, and the dismantling of the fai ade both present Brittains and Remarques views on the futility of war. 1 The Writers War, Oliver Edwards, The Times, 19th November 1964 2 Introduction of Testament of Youth by Mark Bostridge, February 2004

American Comedy Through Out the Decades Essays

American Comedy Through Out the Decades Essays American Comedy Through Out the Decades Essay American Comedy Through Out the Decades Essay American Comedy Throughout the Decades American comedy films are one of the oldest genres in which the main point is purely focused on humor. From silent films of the early 1920s to modern classics such as The Hangover, American comedies have transformed though out the years. American comedies became popular as a way of escape from reality in the 1920s. It was a way to bring out humor and laughter from the audience watching these films. American comedies would take serious social issues like racial and ethnic issues, immigrants, male and female relationships and differences in social and economic class and use these issues as their material for comedies. American comedies used their exaggeration of situations to amuse the audience. There are many different types of American comedies and they have changed dramatically though out the years. The silent film era was a massive part of the history of American comedies. Silent films took silent comedians and used their exaggerations of body language and humorous story lines and transformed them into stories to amuse the audience. The two most predominate actors in the silent film era were Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton. With the introduction of slapstick comedy, where use of physical comedy involving exaggerated, energetic actions, violence, and activities which may exceed the boundaries of common sense, actors such as Chapin and Keaton rose to the top of the entertainment industry. Movies like â€Å"The General† by Buster Keaton, allowed for a different element of comedy. Instead of Keaton always interacting with a human costar he would have relationships with machines, which lead to a more interactive experience because he would play off of the machine and it would engage the audience even more. â€Å"More often then not, Keaton’s comic costar was a machine†¦Keaton’s Relationships with machines often proved more harmonious than those with human costars†¦Ã¢â‚¬  described John Belton, author of American Cinema American Culture. Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton mastered the art of slapstick comedy by transforming it into a form of self-expression. One movie that brought back the nostalgia of silent movies was The Artist, which was a silent film that came out in 2011. The Artist took a modern approach on a silent film, which included some slapstick comedy, and you can clearly see the inspiration from Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton. When sound was introduced into movies there was quite a transformation. Screwball comedy grew as the sound in movies became more obtainable. Screwball comedies took the idea of slapstick comedies but incorporated verbal word play in it. Comedies such as â€Å"Some like it Hot†, with marilyn monroe, took the idea of using exaggerated body language and incorporated verbal word play so the audience could engaged in a deeper story line. In â€Å"Some like it Hot† by Billy Wilder, Jack Lemmon and Tony Curtis dress up as women in a band to escape the mob who is looking for them. While they are dressed up as women they are constantly getting involved in crazy situations where they have to escape in minutes or they had to hide their real identity from Sugar, played by Marilyn Monroe. While they were involved in these scenes they had to use their body language as well as their witty verbal wordplay and by doing this the audience was able to connect to these characters. Movies like Role Models (2008) use the idea of screwball comedy there is an extreme amount of dialogue and verbal wit in movies like Role Models but when they incorporate the verbal wit with their â€Å"slapstick† comedy the result is a modern age screwball comedy that everyone enjoys. As American comedies progressed so did the sub-genres with films like slapstick comedies as well as screwball comedies it gave actors and writers to expand their talents. In the late 1930s and early 1940s romantic comedies played a big role in the expansion of American comedies. â€Å"Romantic comedies, in which the central dramatic action involved the comic (as opposed to melodramatic) vicissitudes of heterosexual love affair and that had been a staple of the silent screen, enjoyed a new lease on life in films that combined romance with the comedy of manners,† explained John Belton. Movies such as â€Å"Some like it Hot,† and â€Å"The Awful Truth† combined screwball comedy with romantic comedy. They would use elements of screwball comedy but would mix it with the drama of a romantic relationship. For example, in Leo McCareys’ â€Å"The Awful Truth†, Cary Grant and Irene Dunn play a married couple that is getting a divorce but as each person tries to move on to a new relationship the other person finds a way to mess things up. For example, when Lucy, played by Irene Dunn, starts dating a new man Cary Grants’ character finds humorous ways to mess up her new relationship. Romantic comedies sometimes incorporate screwball comedy into it to give the movie a more upbeat tone. The basic plot of a romantic comedy was that two protagonists, usually a man and a woman, meet, part ways due to an argument or other obstacle, then ultimately reunite. This basic plot is still used today in many movies. Movies like the Wedding Singer, Serendipity, and Never Been Kissed all use this basic plot. Overall, the development of American Comedy has progress tremendously throughout the years. From Charlie Chaplin and Buster Keaton’s slapstick comedy to Cary Grant and Irene Dunn’s romantic comedy there is always a form of comedy though out the years. With out Chaplin and Keaton there would not be such a vast history behind the idea of American Comedy. Even though these American Comedies touched on serious social issues, they brought humor to people who really needed it. One of the most important things about the classic American Comedies was the fact that it gave people an escape when they desperately needed it. Even though American comedy films have a long and important history the reason why comedies are so popular has not changed since film was invented. American comedies bring happiness to people and for this reason everyone loves comedies and I am sure that this love will remain till the end of time. Belton, John. American Comedy. American cinema/American culture. Third ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994. 164-194. Print.

LLM DEGREE MARITIME LAW COLLISION SCENARIO Essay

LLM DEGREE MARITIME LAW COLLISION SCENARIO - Essay Example The second rule that relates to steam ships required steam vessels on different courses to pass on different port sides to reduce the risk of collision. The London Trinity House also laid down a rule for vessels under sail, which required sailing vessels on the tack to give way for a vessel on the starboard tack. This was followed by a collusion of the two Trinity rules of steam vessels through an 1846 act of parliament that saw their inclusion in the Navigation act. In 1858, there was an addition to the Navigation act which saw the addition of regulations on colored side lights for sailing vessels and fog signals for both sailing and steam vessels. In 1863 however, there was a complete change to the Navigation act which saw a new set of rules drawn by the British Board of Trade in consolation with the French government: vessels that were meeting end-on or near end –on were to alter their course to starboard. Every vessel that was overtaking another was to keep away from the v essel being overtaken. By the end of the year 1864, these regulations and others were adopted by over 30 maritime countries including the United States and Germany as Maritime articles.1 1Simon Baughen, Shipping Law (London: Routledge, 2009), 21. The year 1880 saw minor changes to the articles with a requirement for whistle signals to be given by steam vessels as a way of indicating the direction they were taking and therefore avoid collision. 1884 also saw a minor addition of an article that specified the signals that could be used by a vessel in distress, thus bringing the total number of articles to 27. In 1889 for the first time, there was a conference in Washington that sought to consider the regulations for collision at sea. New provisions were put in place requiring a stand on vessel to keep her speed and course. Vessels were also to avoid crossing in front of the other vessel and steamship permission to carry a second white light was also included. Another Maritime conferenc e was held in 1910, which mainly insisted on the Washington regulations with only some minor changes. Another international conference on Safety of life at Sea was held in 1948, which saw minor revisions which came into effect in 1954. This was followed by another international conference in 1960 that saw an addition of a new paragraph in the exiting regulations and better definition of the wordings. In 1972 COLREGs, the article was designed to replace the collision Regulations of 1960. There were several minor changes that were made in the Collision acts in the years following 1972 until in 1995 when the Merchant Shipping Act was introduced, that sought to consolidate the shipping acts from 1894-1995 and other enactments. Convention on International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at sea (1972) governs the Merchant Shipping Act on all water crafts, either personal or public, which is classified as a ship.2 2Susan Hodges, Law Of Marine Insurance (London: Routledge, 1996), 23. Main 1. Who do colregs apply to? This is well stipulated in rule of the preventing sea collisions convention which defines the application of the rules as: these rules apply to all vessels upon the high seas and the waters that are connected with navigable seagoing vessels. Nothing in the rules so specified shall interfere with the special rules that have been made by any authority. Nothing in the rules shall interfere with the special rules that may have been made by the government or any particular state. Traffic

Contemporary Issue in Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Contemporary Issue in Accounting - Essay Example Correspondingly, managers have control but possess relatively small (if any) residual claims.’(Stephen G. Marks, 10 August, 2007, page 694)1 It is said that ‘corporations are easy to create but hard to understand.’(Robert Hessen, 1999-2000)2 The working style of corporations change as such organizations become larger and larger, as only then the intricacies of its decisive feature of separation of ownership and control come to the fore. Apparently this separation of control from ownership feature is the delegation of power from shareholders to managers in best of interests of residual claimants, but this delegation of power also bring a number of complexities and disadvantages for owners that ultimate benefits from it seem so small that entire exercise appear like playing in the hands of managerial omnipotence. However ‘it is argued that separation of ownership and control and managerial omnipotence must be distinguished. While the separation of ownership and management can be explained as a result of the search for efficient capital formation, managerial omnipotence can be understood as the unintended result of government regulations originally designed to protect shareholders’ property rights from managerial opportunistic behaviors.†( Padilla, Alexandre and Kreptul, Andrei, 5 may 2004)3 In fact, ‘Adolf Berle and Gardiner Means coined the phrase ‘the separation of ownership and control’ in their landmark 1932 book The Modern Corporation and Private Property and it remained the most widely used expression in the voluminous literature on corporate governance. It refers to their observation that during the 1920s the structure of ownership in large corporations changed from traditional arrangement of owners managing their own companies to one in which shareholders had become so numerous and dispersed that they were no longer willing or able to manage the corporations they owned.’(Donald G. Margotta, Jan- Feb

Discussion Question week 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Question week 10 - Essay Example This site became approved after the US FDA audit at Jigani, which is another plant owned by Hikal Limited. The company promised to give all research contracts to Peter Nightingale, who owns Acoris Research Ltd, Pune, India. Nightingale is an expert in the pharmaceutical and other chemical sectors. By giving the research contract to this company, Hikal will offer many job opportunities to Indians. This is because Acoris Research Ltd will use Indians to carry out the research since they know their community well. Local people benefit from local job opportunities since they have strong relations with the communities where they live. When a manufacturing plant becomes established, local people become given first opportunities so that they can accommodate the activities, particularly, when they involve environmental pollution. 3 Some residents who lack enough competence end up working in new plants, since managers lower qualification levels to fill different job positions. Eventually, these employees enhance their job skills and confidence in their fields, which makes other local employers admire them. This, in turn, increases their wages and employability, in the long run. â€Å"Hikal to begin API manufacturing facility operations by June 2012.† Business Standard.com. Last modified November 3 2012.

Economic Development In Taiwan And South Korea Economics Essay

Economic Development In Taiwan And South Korea Economics Essay In the mid 1900s, the poorest countries were still not able to develop at a faster rate than the advanced countries. But surprisingly enough there were two countries in Asia that developed very rapidly but did so without experiencing the customary great and increasing inequalities and the emergence of mass unemployment. These two countries were from the group of Four Tigers, Taiwan and South Korea. Both Taiwan and South Korea did have similarities in their historic traditions but also developed upon different economic policies. When we talk about economic development it usually includes three parts: economic growth, distribution of wealth, and quality of life. Therefore, in this critique essay, I will be talking about how Taiwan and South Korea were similar and different in terms of developing its economy based upon Tibor Scitovskys essay on Economic Development in Taiwan and South Korea, 1965-1981. Taiwan and South Korea were able to be successful in developing their country due to similarities in tradition and background. First, the two countries share a common Chinese tradition and Confucian philosophy. From this tradition and philosophy, getting a high level of education and increasing the level of skills have been very significant. Hence, after the war in 1940s, literacy rates have been rising considerably. Secondly, both countries have the capability and motivation to work hard which is also one of Chinese traditions. Even to this day, people from Asia are known to work hard for longer hours. In addition, the success to their economy was due to the flexibility in wages as well as having greater employment stability. As the countries followed the Chinese traditions, bonuses were given to their workers which resulted to a higher rate in personal savings. When the Japanese ruled over both Taiwan and South Korea, they had helped the two countries see a rise in agriculture pr oductivity and infrastructure investment. Additionally, as the rule came to an end, the countries were able to observe the decrease in inequalities of wealth. A big factor that assisted in equalizing the distribution of wealth was the land reforms distributed among small tenant farmers (landowners were also forced to sell all their land for a price less than the market values). In the early 1960s, Taiwan had published the Nineteen-Point Economic Financial Reform of the Third Four-Year Plan which encouraged many private manufacturing enterprises to make an investment. Many of these firms were heavy industries of steel, shipbuilding, and petrochemicals. And there were much more Taiwanese firms in terms of number; privately owned manufacturing firms were much smaller than in Korea because of four significant reasons. One is the vast number of immigrants from China that brought 30% of the total inflow of foreign capital used for establishing independent firms. There was also higher rate in personal savings which allowed firms to easily secure the capital for establishing independent businesses. Knowing that Taiwan better fulfilled the conditions of competition, firms were created to be smaller so it permitted newcomers to enter the market for a cheaper price. Lastly, Taiwan provides infrastructure facilities to enable new firms to establish. In observing these reasons, we can articulate that Taiwan and South Korea have very different monetary policies. The monetary policy for Taiwan has been keeping actual interest rates close to the level of equilibrium interest rate. Instead of keeping the interest rates low to provide low cost of investment for firms, even under inflationary pressure, Taiwan had raised their interest rates. High interest rates encouraged saving, which became productive capital for firms and major force for anti-inflation. In result, the interest-rate monetary policy has both managed the inflation and investment and growth. In contrast with Taiwans economic plan, South Korea policymakers have made general and forceful use of a wide range of incentives intended to reassure private industrys close agreement with their plans. The main incentive is differential access to credit and concessionary cost of credit. Unlike Taiwan, the qualifying criteria for a borrower for low-cost credit in Korea have been far stricter. Hence, the low average interest rates have given the real interest cost of concessionary loans to be zero or lower. Because South Korea is very government-oriented, firms that do not follow the rules formed by the government do not get the loan applications accepted. This concludes that the authorities do have strong control over the decision making in private firms firms that do follow the governments economic plans (the substantial credit and tax incentives) are enabled in the country. And in result, Korea has created twenty large conglomerates. Overall, Taiwan has not only achieved great results in all three aspects, but it also has done quite well according to other economic indicators. For example, it has enjoyed a mild inflation rate, low unemployment rate, and has accumulated vast foreign exchange reserves with almost no foreign debt. Limited natural resources and a high population density mean that Taiwan is not self-sufficient. Hence, foreign trade has come to play a leading role in Taiwans economic development. In addition, because exports from Taiwan have been very strong, Taiwan has not experienced any serious unemployment problem. Labor-intensive export firms have provided jobs to large number of people from both rural and urban areas. South Koreas economy grew rapidly under the rule of former President Park Jung Hee. The economy was able to develop as he shifted the countrys strategy to stimulating growth through export promotion. His policies encouraged private entrepreneurs. Businesses were given powerful incen tives to export, including preferential treatment in obtaining low-interest bank loans, import privileges, permission to borrow from foreign sources, and tax benefits. Therefore, it is inevitable to conclude which one of the two countries was more successful in developing their economy in this period of time. However, when we look at the economy today, South Korea has done an impressive job in bringing them into the position they are in now. Taiwan is still a small, resource-poor economy, vulnerable to foreign pressures, dependent on exports and dependent especially on the U.S. for markets and security.

Hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

Is Hamlet Mad? "I am but mad north-north-west: when the wind is southerly I know a hawk from a handsaw" (II.ii.369-370). This is a classic example of the "wild and whirling words" (I.v.134) with which Hamlet hopes will persuade people to believe that he is mad. These words, however, prove that beneath his "antic disposition," (I.V.172). Hamlet is sane. Under his strange choice of imagery involving points of the compass, the weather, and hunting birds, he is announcing that he is calculatedly choosing the times when to appear mad. Hamlet is saying that he knows a hunting hawk from a hunted "handsaw" or heron, in other words, that, very far form being mad, he is perfectly capable of recognizing his enemies. Hamlet's madness was faked for a purpose. He warned his friends he intended to fake madness, but Gertrude as well as Claudius saw through it, and even the slightly dull-witted Polonius was suspicious. His public face is one of insanity but, in his private moments of soliloquy, through his confidences to Horatio, and in his careful plans of action, we see that his madness is assumed. After the Ghost's first appearance to Hamlet, Hamlet decides that when he finds it suitable or to his advantage, he will put on a mask of madness so to speak. He confides to Horatio that when he finds the occasion appropriate, he will "put an antic disposition on" (I.v.172). This strategy gives Hamlet a chance to find proof of Claudius's guilt and to contemplate his revenge tactic. Although he has sworn to avenge his father's murder, he is not sure of the Ghost's origins: "The spirit that I have seen / May be the devil" (II.ii.584-585). He uses his apparent madness as a delaying tactic to buy time in which to discover whether the Ghost's tale of murder is true and to decide how to handle the situation. At the same time, he wants to appear unthreatening and harmless so that people will divulge information to him, much in the same way that an adult will talk about an important secret in the presence of a young child. To convince everyone of his madness, Hamlet spends many hours walking back and forth alone in the lobby, speaking those "wild and whirling words" (I.V. 134) which make little sense on the surface but in fact carry a meaningful subtext. &... ...n addition, the letter Horatio from him through the ambassador bound for England is clear and precise and shows no signs of a confused mind. Finally, I am convinced of Hamlet's sanity by his very normal reactions to the people around him. He is perfectly sane, friendly and courteous with the players, giving them good acting tips which they appreciate and respect. When Polonius and Claudius test the theory of rejected love by "loosing" Ophelia to him, Hamlet acts completely rationally. He greets Ophelia sweetly, gets a little cold when he remembers that he has not seen her "for this many a day," is very hurt when she returns his remembrances, and becomes completely furious, insulting womankind in general, when she lies to him about her father's whereabouts and he realizes he is being spied on. He reacts the way any hurt young rejected lover would. In the end, it is surprising that he is able to keep up the charade of faking madness for so long, and part of his tragedy is that it doesn't help him anyway; in the end, he avenges his father by killing Claudius not through an act of madness, but as a result of Claudius's own treachery.

Creative Writting Essay- the Things They Carried

While Rat was telling the story about Mary Anne Bell, what was Mitchell Sanders thinking? Did he believe the story? Was he sceptical? Here is an overview of exactly what he was thinking while listening to Rat’s story, and his opinion concerning certain aspects. As soon as Rat started telling me about that guy Mark Fossie who shipped his girl over to Vietnam to spend time with him, I couldn’t believe it. He says he saw the whole thing, and that he was there when everything happened, but I doubt it; Rat is the type of guy who would lie to get his story more interesting.But anyhow, I agreed for him to tell me the story even though I was very sceptical about the whole thing. It almost seemed like he was fooling me. So I crossed my arms, and let him amuse me with his anecdote. Although Rat’s source was Fossie himself, the story seemed so over the top, Mary Anne arriving as such a sweet girl just out of high school and becoming â€Å"one with the nature† in the end. It is overwhelming how people can change depending on the environment they are put in, I thought. I had to stop Rat once, because he was totally wrecking the tone of the story.He had no consistent sound! He still was able to keep my attention until the end, mostly because I was so anxious to hear what he was going to throw at me as a conclusion knowing his information was thirdhand. I was getting pretty impatient and of course, when Rat came to tell the end of the story, it was not at all what I had expected. Never would I have thought a simple girl could have transformed into a totally different person; one ready for the kill. The story wasn’t moral and there was no point to it. That’s what made it seem so true.

How do solar flares affect our daily communication and what can be done to prevent issues

How do solar flares affect our daily communication and what can be done to prevent issues Advances in modern technology have brought new innovations into the communications industry which not only have made communication faster and smoother for consumers but have in effect enabled a more precise and accurate means of navigation for cars, airplanes and ships.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on How do solar flares affect our daily communication and what can be done to prevent issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It must be noted though that like all technological instruments such systems are vulnerable to eventual malfunctions. While there are literally a plethora of different ways in which communication systems could potentially break down this paper will explore the possibility of the interaction of communication systems with various forms of space weather phenomena, in this case solar flares. Solar Flares and Communication Systems In their work examining the effects of space weather phenomena and commun ication systems Afraimovich, Demyanov, Gavrilyuk, Ishin and Smolkov (2009) explain that solar flares in particular have been known to disrupt High Frequency (HF) radio communications and various types of satellite signals creating periods of information blackouts (Afraimovich et al., 2009). For example, on March 24, 1940 a â€Å"great† geomagnetic storm rendered inoperative 80% of all long-distance telephone connections out of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Electric service was temporarily disrupted in portions of New England, New York, Pennsylvania, and Minnesota, as well as Quebec and Ontario, Canada (Fisher, 2003). Various studies examining the effects of space weather, particularly geomagnetic storms, which are caused by solar flares, have shown that on average solar weather disrupts not only high frequency communication signals but also has the potential to damage electrical equipment as well (Burch, 2004). For example, from the 13th to the 14th of March 1989 a severe geomagnet ic storm caused a system wide power failure in Quebec, Canada, resulting in the loss of over 20,000 megawatts (Fisher, 2003). The blackout cut electric power to several million people; the estimated time from the onset of the problem to a system collapse was about 90 seconds and high frequencies were virtually unusable worldwide. It was even seen in the case of a Japanese communications satellite which lost half of its dual-redundant command circuitry as well as a NASA satellite dropping 3 miles (4.8 km) in its orbit due to the increase in atmospheric drag caused by a geomagnetic storm (Fisher, 2003). Additionally, Fisher (2003) notes that â€Å"the frequency navigation signals used by maritime and general aviation systems (Loran-C) may experience outages on the sunlit side of the Earth for many hours during periods of geomagnetic storms or solar wind causing loss in positioning† (Fisher, 2003).Advertising Looking for report on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The reason behind this is the resulting free electrons generated by solar weather which can and often do damage systems that are inherently dependent on electricity. These free electrons build up in the electrical systems subsequently causing an electrical discharge which overloads the electronics and causes them to shut down or even subsequently destroy themselves (Burch, 2004). Solar Flares and Transport Systems While planes are sufficiently protected from the effects of solar flares through multiple redundancy systems and insulated instruments the fact remains that RNAV systems located on the ground as well as GPS satellites located in space can be affected and most often are by geomagnetic storms caused by solar flares (Anselmo, 1998). This results in not only the potential for a complete blackout for external sources of navigational data but presents a potentially hazardous situation for pilots since it affects their ability to properly determine where the plane is in relation to their destination (Thomas and Rantanen, 2006). Examining the Current System of Communication What must be understood when examining todays system of communication is that it is inherently reliant on the use of particular radio frequencies in order to facilitate communication (Burch, 2004). These frequencies utilize alternating currents to carry radio signals both to their point of destination and back again. It must be noted though that the basis of all radio technology is the use of electromagnetic waves in order to carry signals back and forth which utilizes the air itself as a conductor for the signal (Burch, 2004). Unfortunately, due to the inherently electrical nature of these signals and the fact that they utilize air as a medium of communication this leaves the process vulnerable to interruptions from large sources of free electrons which disrupts the entire process. Nordwall (1997) explains that various forms o f space weather phenomena ranging from geomagnetic storms, solar radiation storms, and solar wind all interact with the atmosphere differently however they are a source of free electrons which causes a sufficient enough interaction with the atmosphere that they can in effect cause complete radio black outs on HF frequencies (Nordwall, 1997). In fact it has already been noted that a sufficiently powerful geomagnetic storm can cause a complete HF frequency blackout on the entire sunlit side of the Earth for a number of hours which would not only affect sea and land based methods of communication but would also affect the ability of pilots to contact air traffic controllers at their intended destination which could result in devastating airplane collisions (Afraimovich, 2009)Advertising We will write a custom report sample on How do solar flares affect our daily communication and what can be done to prevent issues specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn Mo re What can be done to prevent issues? On the other hand it must also be noted that substantial solar weather phenomena does not occur on a regular basis. Based on the observations of Fisher (2003), there have been only 15 or so occurrences of solar weather phenomena that have actually caused significant communication and electronic errors within the past 60 years. It must be noted though that various scientists have stated that the sun is currently entering an active phase in its solar cycle and as such this increases the likelihood of the development of various cases of solar weather phenomena. Since technological innovations take time for proper implementation new processes and procedures would need to be created in their place till such a time that technology has advanced to such a degree that solar weather phenomena does not present itself as a problem for communication systems or as a significant danger to aviation safety. Taking this into consideration since it will t ake time for technology to â€Å"catch up† so to speak, the best tool that can be utilized is to encourage awareness among the general populace so that they can be aware of the various problems that may occur in the immediate future as a direct result of increased solar flare activity. Reference List Afraimovich, E. L., Demyanov, V. V., Gavrilyuk, N. S., Ishin, A. B., Smolkov, G. A. (2009). Malfunction of satellite navigation systems GPS and GLONASS caused by powerful radio emission of the Sun during solar flares on December 6 and 13,   2006, and October 28, 2003. AMS, (5), 13. Retrieved from Google Scholar. Anselmo, J. C. (1998). Space Storms Threaten Commercial Satellites. Aviation Week   Space Technology, 149(18), 28. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Burch, J. L. (2004). The Fury of Solar Storms. Scientific American Special Edition, 14(4), 42. Retrieved from Google Scholar.Advertising Looking for report on astronomy? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Fisher, J. (2003). Integrating Space Weather and Meteorological Products for Aviation.  AMS (12),1.Retrieved from American Meteorological Society. Nordwall, B. D. (1997). Solar storms threaten GPS reception. Aviation Week Space  Technology, 147(22), 61. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Thomas, L. C., Rantanen, E. M. (2006). Human factors issues in implementation of advanced aviation technologies: a case of false alerts and cockpit displays of traffic information. Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, (13), 4. Retrieved from EBSCOhost

Concept cars essays

Concept cars essays Concept Cars: Automobiles for the Future No one knows where automobiles are going but concept cars provide us with a small window to look into their future. Different automakers use concept cars in various ways and they all devote a lot of time and money toward developing their cars of the future. The first thing an automaker does is decide what kind of market (what age group, what style of driving) it should target to gain the most customers. For instance, Ford builds mainly vehicles which target families with kids. Every year Ford comes out with new concepts appealing to families. Examples might include four doors, room for a dog, and the ability to go anywhere. Ferrari, on the other hand, builds cars for the rich auto enthusiast who likes to drive fast and race. Ferrari may come out with one new concept every year targeting this extreme group of car enthusiasts. All automakers create concept cars but they may explore different ideas and markets. In the beginning car design was simple. All cars had four wheels, a couple seats, a motor, and a steering wheel. Henry Ford offered his model T in any color you want, as long as its black. Today creating cars has become more complicated. Not only must a car look good but it also must be safe and fuel-efficient. Most of this pressure comes from consumers, but they arent the only ones who have to be pleased. The United States Congress pushes auto makers also, but more along the lines of safety and fuel economy (Butterworth 1). They dont really care how it looks. Beyond meeting the demands of consumers and Congress, car designers must also make actually building the car easy on their car engineers. For example, some Mercedes Benz models have everything smoothly bolted in from the engine to the suspension, instead of putting together individual pieces in an assembly line. This takes a lot of time and in the car building process time...

Event Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Event Tourism - Essay Example Event tourism generally refers to an event which is organized for an audience from around the world. The event can be a public or corporate event which attracts people from around the globe and they visit the country to attend the event. Event tourism as a business includes the hotel reservations, transportation facilities, journey tours, and several other procedures that are organized for the tourists in order to make it easy for them. Event tourism brings huge revenues for the host country and adds value to the destination itself. This paper will discuss how event tourism has emerged as a popular type of tourism and what the main goals are. The event tourism has taken a considerable position in the tourism industry of today. Many tourism industries have given special attention to the event tourism and worked with event management companies to ensure an attractive event. The event can be a cultural festival, a sports event, a religious rally or a corporate conference. Such events ca n be organized by the private or public sector but the tourism business boosts immensely during these events. This is because most of the tourism agencies play their part by assisting the tourists, planning tours for them, arranging tickets for the event and reserving hotel rooms. It is the responsibility of the community and the tourist agencies to manage and supervise these major events which attract people from all over the world (Getz, 2008, p. 415). The major approach that a community shall adopt to host a successful event is the effective tourism planning. Even though the normal tourism industry faces much ups and downs regularly which are due to a variety of reasons such as changing weather conditions, acts of violence etc. But the event tourism industry manages to produce a large number of populations despite any of these factors. The major events that are planned have financial aspects which are arranged in advance so that the market fluctuations do not affect the arrangeme nts. The host community for major events such as the cricket world cup or the Olympics is decided as a result of a tough competition. The wide range of events adds to the host community’s economic health and a community shall carry out certain roles to determine the development of their event tourism industry. There are many aspects that a community has to consider while deciding whether to host a major event or not. Before competing for the hosting of the special event, a community must do their homework. A community shall consider an event specialist and know about all the basics about the event. This includes the event demographics, the needs, the dates and the things that need to be avoided for example in a religious event, a community might consider which drinks to serve and which ones to avoid. It is important for a community to know its own strengths and weaknesses before hosting a major event. The major things to consider are the funds available for the event, the emp loyees that are available and how skilled they are like are they multilingual, the facilities that can be offered and those which can’t be offered (Damster, 2005, p. 4). Advertising is another important action that has to be taken by the community and the tourism agencies to develop the event tourism and to host a major event. A community must know the potential basics before advertising the event and the facilities. The community must be sure of the party who is holding the event and the type of audience which is targeted. They should know the reason and motive behind the event, the reasons for choosing the location for the event and the expectations of

Spiritual care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spiritual care - Assignment Example isasters like earthquake, floods and droughts are usually blamed on supernatural causes whereby â€Å"God† has been â€Å"blamed† for the cause, as a punishment to a community. At this point, the spiritual aspect of an individual or a community should be taken into consideration during therapy to recover from the disaster aftermath (Jose, 2010). Community health nurse has a role to play in assisting the spiritual care of an individual, community or colleagues after a disaster has strike. The nurse should listen carefully to the accounts of different people in relation to the event and draw a well spiritual plan of care. The nurse can incorporate various religious leaders to come and provide a spiritual encouragement to individuals or community members. By doing this, the community members may feel spiritually healed since they believe that their prayers have been sent and received, and such a disaster will not reoccur. The nurse should be empathetic, offer prayers, listen actively without judging and share the emotions appropriately. Such methods make an individual to have peace in heart and accelerate the recovery from the disaster. Organizing community memorial services, anniversary dates and retreat opportunities to colleagues as such, interventions offer long-term recovery (Van Leeuwen & Cusveller,

Interpersonal Communication Week five journal Essay

Interpersonal Communication Week five journal - Essay Example My experience with verbal aggressiveness was really unpleasant since this involved a close relationship with a long-time friend. This friend is actually a good person but he has a way of saying things that could be considered sarcastic. The thing is that he agrees with me on most topics (that is why we are friends) but he has a negative demeanor towards other people. For example, whenever we order at a diner and the waitress commits a little mistake, he calls them â€Å"stupid† and says other nasty remarks which I could consider demeaning. I am embarrassed by such manifestations of verbal aggressiveness since I always try to put myself in other people’s shoes. One time I broke news to him about the misfortune of another friend and all he said was that â€Å" he got what he deserves†. He goes on rationalizing that life is what we make it so if it turns out bad , it is due to our poor choices. While there is a grain of truth in such statements, it would be so inappropriate to tell it to someone who is already feeling miserable. Because of this, I would react to him and I myself would experience verbal aggressiveness from him since he would criticize me for my beliefs. The readings taught us that power plays must be put to a stop so the patterns would not be repeated. The person using power play would be aware that his statements are not healthy and defeating development of interpersonal relationships. As for physical aggressiveness, I only experience it during contact sports when we have Physical Education class way back in high school. We were taught how to play basketball and that meant experiencing physical contact especially coming from the opponent. There were times that I get pushed or held back which made me upset but I never lose my patience. I had the right frame of mind and understood that this is just sports. However, it would be a different story if an opponent deliberately hit me in the face since

Web site in relation to the eLearning age Essay Example for Free

Web site in relation to the eLearning age Essay Electronic Learning, which is frequently called as eLearning is a form of TSL (Technology-Supported Learning) in which the presence of computer technology system is compulsory as the mean of conveying a wide range of information. This paper aims to show advantages of this Web-based or online educational training system through one of the world’s famous wikis—the Wikipedia. Furthermore, it provides an outline with regard to the critical review on the eLearning along with selected empirical items of information or data. Wiki: A collaborative Web site in relation to the eLearning age Wiki (software), from its Hawaiian term for quick developed by Ward Cunningham, accumulates a variety of Web pages for a collaborative works on Web-based educational training or resources (Encyclop? dia Britannica Online, 2009). One of the world’s well-known wikis is a non-profit organization of Wikimedia Foundation—the Wikipedia. According to the official Web site of the Wikipedia, it is a â€Å"multilingual, Web-based, free-content encyclopedia project,† which is written by registered users (freelance writers and online editors) from different parts of the World. As its comprehensible representation in the world of information and communication technology, Wiki is a type of Web-based application (such as Web 2. 0), which is being edited by someone else such as freelance writers who contribute various articles on line and virtual editors who do the editing job anywhere in the real time. For a better comprehension with such a conceptualization, Rob Edmonds’s book entitled ‘Up from the grassroots’ shows the significant and real advantages of the Wiki (software) in the lives of the number of people during the digital era. Major Idea or Essential Part of the Book Through Wiki software, most companies whether for-profit or not-for-profit organizations are able to provide the most methodological and/or advantageous system of fostering a wide range of information from the various resources. Edmonds’s ‘Up from the grassroots’ shows the fact along with the comprehensive data and empirical bases that which concerns the beneficial factors of clinging to the modern style of collaboration. Wiki, according to the conceptualization and personal experience of the author, such a Web-based application or the online educational resources makes every thing easier—from contributing the written articles on line via the Wiki software of a particular Web site to conducting a research of what other members have made and uploaded on the Web site’s system, which uses Wiki. A Critical Analysis on the Conceptualization of Wiki As an analysis of the major points of the author with regard to ‘clinging on the Wiki for certain Web-based applications of eLearning,’ it becomes quite easy to distinguish its beneficial factors to the number of people around the world (â€Å"Up from the grassroots,† 2006). First, even though some of the Wiki applications help people collaborate with the various works on line such as fostering different items of information from published books in the library to digital copies on the Internet, yet, it is considered as â€Å"informal learning† for a reason that learning takes place anywhere. While formal education or learning is done in a school, most users/visitors who stumbled on the Web site, which provides a wide range of data or instructions, are able to learn in any convenient places anytime they want. Nevertheless, such concern does not give more troubles or disadvantages, as the issue with regard to informal learning is concerned; as long as it broadens the bounds of knowledge sharing, it may help support every individual to learn new information. Furthermore, Wiki does not only help support people in terms of online education or eLearning solutions, but it also provides interactive communications for software’s users. Additionally, most companies rely on the Wiki software to provide their clients with the easiest system of creating Web sites and online databases. Hence, as a critical review on the entire conceptualization of the author, it becomes quite easy to distinguish his point of view—the possibility to create a more strategic and systematic way of uploading information from an individual source via this web-based application software. Therefore, as an observation, it becomes quite easy for every individual (particularly the reader) to be well-informed, as the book provides with insightful information and ideas with regard to the Wiki (A collaborative Web site in relation to the eLearning age). Given those world-renowned Web sites and companies used in the book as the reliable sources to represent the author’s perspective, Edmonds’s ‘Up from the grassroots’ motivates every reader to delve into a deeper knowledge of clinging to the Wiki application resources, which provide the easiest way of collaborating with research stuffs such as articles, information, communication etc. Conclusion I have learned essentially from every concept or perspective of the author and it urged me to seek different ways to criticize its objective—why it is written and to whom it is written for. Upon a critical analysis of the entire book, the paper is intended to give more information with regard to the process of online collaboration. It is written for every individual, particularly the people whose passion is to collaborate with one another; conduct certain research strategies and work on various subjects in an easier manner. Moreover, given the insightful explication concerning the various enterprises such as the â€Å"Microsoft, CommSecure, Novell, Bank of America and GlaxoSmithKline,† which cling to this Web-based application software, it gives additional empirical bases on the reliable materials contributed by the book per se (â€Å"Up from the grassroots,† 2006). This means that the materials used in the book shows reliability as to the scholastic issues and contemporary concerns. Moreover, as an analysis of the contents of the book, this is still valid as the issue with regard to the current trends for online collaboration or wikis is involved. Nevertheless, there are changes happened since the book is first published; more Web sites existed and now are apt for discussing the author’s perspective. References Edmonds, R. (2006). Up from the grassroots. E. learning Age. ABI/INFORM Global, pp. 14-16 Wiki. (2009). In Encyclop? dia Britannica. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from Encyclop? dia Britannica Online: Babylon Dictionary and Translation Software Wikipedia: About. (2009) In Wikipedia. Retrieved March 31, 2009, from Wikipedia: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Wikipedia:About

Essay --

Frank Carellini Professor Joseph J. Ellis Honors 290C Death Of A Financier: From Establishing America’s Credit To Financing The Revolution To Debtor’s Prison Amer ·i ·can noun É™-ˈmer-É™-kÉ™n, -ˈmÉ™r-, -ˈme-rÉ™- : A person born, raised, or living in the U.S. An American is defined as a person born, raised or living in the U.S. There are sacred grounds from which American roots clearly stem. There are words that instantaneously come to our minds when our American pride is questioned or insulted. Financial stability is not one of them. Passionate, idiosyncratic, united, diplomatic, relentless: these are the synonyms of American and our associated founding. But not â€Å"Financially Stable.† Actually most â€Å"Americans† are disgusted by one or more facets of the American financial system, bellowing at its corrupt, dishonest methods and lack of sympathy for our people. We are often quick to dismiss money and business as unethical creatures. It is easy to praise controversial soldiers and philosophical demigods and wooden teeth and cherry trees, when relishing in America’s emotional and inspiring foundation. Despite its stagnant reputation as a crippling agent, â€Å"Finance† and the almighty dollar (or should I say the almighty â€Å"Morris note†) once held a genuine place in the fight for American independence and maturity as a newly-birthed nation. Money was once a note of trust, a building block for international commerce and relationships. As America was born, commerce did not only translate into profits, but it was the beginning of an international web that would be the site of synthesis for social, political and economic paradigms. In the wake of America’s foundation, Robert Morris personalized currency. Coupling transactions with handshakes and... ...f financially networking. The simple misappropriation of funds tore his life apart. Money is a perception game. With money one can easily be characterized by arrogance and selfishness; without it, desperation and despair. America is a place of commerce and we need to be. There has been an everlasting parting from the original isolationist policies, instituted by Washington. I have reason to believe his close friend Robert Morris, is the reason for our global success. The first official act of Hamilton, as Secretary of the Treasury, was to recommend that the domestic and foreign debt be paid, dollar for dollar. When the paper containing this recommendation was read before Congress, it thought that the new Secretary of the Treasury had gone mad. How was a nation of less than 4,000,000 of people to voluntarily assume a debt of $75,000,000! In The Financier, I Trust.

Beryllium :: Research Papers Essays

Beryllium Beryllium is a highly toxic metal and if exposed to it, at or above the threshold values, it can lead to a chronic beryllium disease (CBD) (i.e. berylliosis) or an acute beryllium disease. Toxic exposure to beryllium is most often thru an inhalation pathway. Beryllium has a variety of effects. Some beryllium combines with a protein and is deposited in the liver, spleen and kidneys, but the beryllium when bound with a biological protein, a hapten, can result in the chronic form of the disease which is believed to be a delayed hypersensitivity immune response. The major toxicological effects of beryllium are on the respiratory tract,specifically the lungs and their alveoli. Beryllium and its unique characteristic led to it being used widely in a variety of industries prior to is know toxic effects. Today it is know that beryllium is a highly toxic material which results in devastating toxic effects on the lungs. There has been drastic increases in the regulation in beryllium use so as to protect those that directly handle and work with the metal. With theses regulations, beryllium is fairly safe to work with and use in a variety of products and industries. In the following text, there will be a description of beryllium confusing history and toxic effects on the respiratory system of man. Beryllium has the symbol Be. In the older chemical literature, beryllium is called glucinium after the Greek word glykys meaning sweet, because of Vauquelin's initial description and observation of Beryllium. Beryllium's atomic number is 4, its atomic weight is 9.01 and in its pure metal form it melts at 1278 degrees Celsius. The Beryllium element, an alkaline earth metal which belongs to group II of the periodic table, was first discovered in 1798 by L.M. Vauquelin. Vauquelin,a French chemist, was doing work with aluminum and noticed a white powder that was nothing like that of aluminum or any of its derivatives. Vauquelin named this mystery powder, gluinium because of its sweet taste was like that of glucose. In 1828, Wohler, a German metallurgist reduced it to its metallic form and renamed it beryllium.(figure 2) There was no commercial application of beryllium until 1918 when Cooper patented a beryllium-aluminum alloy, which turn into the 'jump-start', into extending beryllium's application. Following Cooper's patent of the beryllium alloy, Charles II in 1921, was intrigued by beryllium's light weight, extreme stiffness, high heat absorption and interesting nuclear cross section.

The Honorable Nancy Pelosi

I am (Author’s Name); currently the president of the California Nurses Association (CNA) and the overseeing head of its umbrella organization, the Arizona new Registered Nurse (RN) Union called the National Nurses Organizing Committee-Arizona (NNOC-Arizona).I am sending you this letter in connection with a significant health issue in the State of California. This pertains to the apparent incorrect and irresponsible nursing staffing ratio in hospitals and other medical or nursing facilities here in California.This specifically concerns the defiance of the authorized safe ratio in the number of RN-to-patient thereby endangering the welfare and eventually the lives of patients while at the same time hinders our profession’s goal of providing quality nursing care for our patients (â€Å"The Ratio Solution,† 2008).Our profession’s positive position to said measure is substantiated by the fact that the bill supports the mandated RN-to-Patient Ratio which works t o the improvement of patient care by having enough number of RNs. Citing the CNA/NNOC’s Report, the results of a series of scientific researches have proven that the RN-to-Patient Ratio indeed work to the advantage of both nurses and patients (â€Å"The Ratio Solution,† 2008).While similar bills already ensure adherence to RN-to-Patient Ratio, it is an utmost goal that HB 2041 heralds the same objectives in all states of the country.In view of this, I respectfully hope for the Speaker’s full support and eventual endorsement of HB 2041 to the Senate once it is approved by the lower Congress. The Prezelski-sponsored bill aims that the mandated RN-to-Patient Staffing Ratio be guaranteed and that nurses are protected when they spill irregularities in the profession and eventually turned witnesses.I show gratitude to you for finding time to regard our position on this issue. I hope that the above problem concerning the nursing field will be addressed through the supp ort/endorsement of HB 2041 that we earnestly pray from your office.ReferenceCalifornia Nurses Association/ National Nurses Organizing Committee-Arizona. (2008). The Ratio Solution: CAN/NNOC’s RN-to-Patient Ratios Work – Better Care, More Nurses. Retrieved January 21, 2009, from http://www.calnurses.org/assets/pdf/ratios/ratios_booklet.pdf