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Drug Abuse Essay - 3291 Words

Drug Abuse The term drug abuse most often refers to the use of a drug with such frequency that it causes physical or mental harm to the user or impairs social functioning. Although the term seems to imply that users abuse the drugs they take, in fact, it is themselves or others they abuse by using drugs. Traditionally, the term drug abuse referred to the use of any drug prohibited by law, regardless of whether it was actually harmful or not. This meant that any use of marijuana, for example, even if it occurred only once in a while, would constitute abuse, while the same level of alcohol†¦show more content†¦Such substancesÑlegal and illegalÑinfluence or alter the workings of the mind; they affect moods, emotions, feelings, and thinking processes. Drug Dependence Drug abuse must be distinguished from drug dependence. Drug dependence, formerly called drug addiction, is defined by three basic characteristics. First, users continue to take a drug over an extended period of time. Just how long this period is depends on the drug and the user. Second, users find it difficult to stop using the drug. They seem powerless to quit. Users take extraordinary and often harmful measures to continue using the drug. How dependency-producing a drug is can be measured by how much users go through to continue taking it. Third, if users stop taking their drugÑif their supply of the drug is cut off, or if they are forced to quit for any reasonÑthey will undergo painful physical or mental distress. The experience of withdrawal symptoms distress, called the withdrawal syndrome, is a sure sign that a drug is dependency-producing and that a given user is dependent on a particular drug. Drug dependence may lead to drug abuseÑespecially of illegal drugs. Psychoactive, or mind-altering, substances are found the world over. The coca plant grows in the Andes of South America and contains 1 to 2 percent cocaine. The marijuana plant, Cannabis sativa, contains a group of chemicals calledShow MoreRelatedDrug Of Drug And Drug Abuse1538 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Resistance Drug use has become an increasing problem among high schoolers and teenagers around the same age. Ever since the drug war of the 1900s, drugs have been a major problem in today’s society. â€Å"Use of drugs such as opium, morphine, and other byproducts were common in twentieth century America† (Dobkin, 1998). While most students in standard high school drug education know about the use of coca leaves in Coca-Cola and the opium trade in China, drug addiction during the century is muchRead MoreDrug Abuse1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe use of and abuse of illegal and prescription drugs are a health, social, and law enforcement problem that is affecting Americans across the country. Drug abuse is destroying the lives of many teens and adults and is also destroying families in the United States. 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The picture is grim if the world statistics on the drugs scenario is taken into account. With a turnover of around $500 billions, it is the third largest business in the world, next to petroleum and arms trade. About 190 million people all over the world consume one drug or the other. Drug addiction causesRead MoreDrug Abuse and Prevention1510 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of prevention is to limit the availability of drugs (Hart Ksir, 2011, p. 400), but this is not essentially the best way. Addiction affects everyone. According to the National Inst itute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), substance abuse cost our nation â€Å"more than $484 billion dollars (The National Institute on Drug Abuse ).† So although you might not be directly impacted by drug abuse, as a whole your tax dollars are spent on fighting the war on drugs. Currently there are several different types of substanceRead MoreDrug Abuse On The Workplace Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesDrug Abuse in the Workplace: The human resource topic I chose to write my research paper on is â€Å"Drug Abuse in the Workplace†. Drug abuse in the workplace is something very common that many of us will encounter at some point. Alcohol and drug abuse has a major effect on employee absence and lost productively that leaves a negative working environment. It is important a company addresses the right guidelines to keep a drug free workplace. Establishing a clear and fair substanceRead MoreDrug Abuse And Substance Abuse1658 Words   |  7 PagesThe National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) defines drug abuse as, â€Å" It becomes drug abuse when people use illegal drugs or use legal drugs inappropriately.† This may include; the repeated uses of drugs to produce pleasure, alleviates stress, and/or alters or avoids reality. The perception of addiction and substance abuse has been widely known for many years, but the medical community has failed to accept and publicly this issue among it own members . Drug abuse by nurses is prevalent in today societyRead MoreInjectable Drug Abuse1488 Words   |  6 PagesMEMORANDUM INJECTABLE DRUG ABUSE: GROWING CHALLENGE IN NORTH-EASTERN PART OF INDIA FROM: AE28697 TO: Ministry of development of north east affairs, India RE: Scenario C-Health and harm reduction DATE: 19 October 2013 Introduction North-east (NE) India is connected to remaining part of India through a constricted passage known as Siliguri Corridor squeezed between Nepal and Bangladesh (Hussain, 2011). It comprises of seven sister states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, NagalandRead MorePrescription Drug Abuse And Prescription Drugs1487 Words   |  6 PagesPrescription Drug Abuse Prescription Drug Abuse has increased in an alarming rate over recent years! Prescription drug related deaths now outnumber those from heroin and cocaine combined. The abuse in prescription drugs in America goes back more than a hundred years ago. Prescription drug abuse is the use of a medication without a prescription, in a way other than prescribed, or for the experience or feelings elicited. Although prescription medications are intended to help individuals, they can

The Marginal Population Of Mumbai Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

The paper tries to give an penetration about the exclusion of the unseeable population in Mumbai by a peculiar wellness strategy implemented in the province of Maharashtra. The paper besides highlights some of the issues faced by this peculiar group from the experience of the field as a pupil societal worker The chief statement of this paper is the usage of specific standards in placing donees for the strategy which is already debatable and has been contested by many intellectuals in India thereby excepting meriting donees which is beyond the purpose a public assistance province. Introduction â€Å" Welfare province is a construct of authorities in which the province plays a cardinal function in the protection and publicity of the economic and societal wellbeing of its citizens. We will write a custom essay sample on The Marginal Population Of Mumbai Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is based on the rules of equality of chance, just distribution of wealth, and public duty for those unable to avail themselves of the minimum commissariats for a good life † ( Beginnings: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britannica.com ) . â€Å" The Encyclopaedia of Social Sciences describes a public assistance province as a province which takes up the duty to supply a minimal criterion of subsistence to its citizens. Therefore, in a public assistance province, the disposal enters into economic, political, societal and educational life of persons. And it provides services to persons, right from an person ‘s birth to decease † ( Social Welfare Administration: Concept, Nature and Scope, moodle.tiss.edu ) . In a public assistance province, the province takes the duty to function the aged, ill, orphans, widows, helpless, oppressed and the handicapped people whenever they are in demand of services. As a public assistance province the province implements assorted public assistance strategies for the citizens at big. The public assistance province typically includes proviso of wellness services, basic instruction, and lodging ( in some instances at low cost or free of charge ) etc. for the populace at big. When we talk about a public assistance province, the policies are inclusive of Torahs, directive, and planning in the Fieldss of employment, revenue enhancement, societal insurance and societal aid and population policy etc. The modern usage of the term public assistance province is coupled with the wide-ranging steps of societal insurance adopted in 1948 by Britain on the footing of the study on Social Insurance and Allied ServicesA ( 1942 ) . In the twentieth century, as the earlier construct of the inert individualistic province was steadily abandoned, about all provinces ( in the western states ) sought to supply at least some of the steps of societal insurance associated with the rules of public assistance province. Therefore, in the United States came up with theA † New Deal † A of President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and theA † Fair Deal † A of President Harry S. Truman, and a big portion of the domestic plans of ulterior presidents were based on the rules of the public assistance province ( Beginnings: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.britannica.com ) . During the clip of British regulation in India, from the early nineteenth century till India ‘s independency, the welfare-political sphere of India has witnessed the formation of a great trade of societal motions, rooted from distinguishable, and aggressively divided societal categories like the dramatis personae and, subsequently on, spiritual communities of that clip who resentfully opposed the active badgering province of societal personal businesss ( Aspalter 2003 ) . Though it was excessively early to believe about societal security programs and other meaningful societal policy steps, during the British regulation in India, the Government did establish a series of societal policy statute law which focused chiefly on the decrease of societal diswelfare instead than the construct of new signifiers of public assistance plans and ordinances ( Aspalter 2003 ) . During that clip Social statute law, aimed at the stoping of harmful societal patterns and societal inequalities, patt erns like kid matrimony, limitation on widow rhenium matrimony, cast based favoritism etc. By presenting the first societal security statute law of modern India, Workmen ‘s Compensation Act 1923 the Indian societal security system made the first of import measure in way of a notable public assistance system. The act has proviso for compensation for accidents taking to decease, or entire or partial disability for more than three yearss, if the accident occurred in the class of employment, compensation for occupational disease etc ( Chowdhry 1985, Cited in Aspalter 2003, pp. 156-157 ) . The period following the divider, the Indian authorities passed a series of new Torahs with respect to labour and societal public assistance, even before the operation of the new fundamental law in 1950 ( Goel and Jain 1988, Cited in Aspalter 2003, pp 169-160 ) . After 1950, the Indian authorities of India undertook many attempts in the field of societal security ( Aspalter 2003 ) , â€Å" Over the old ages the authorities established, in add-on, illness insurance, a pension program, p regnancy benefits, particular disablement benefits, infirmary leave, a productivity-linked fillip strategy, assorted decreases of lodging, electricity, and H2O rates, a deposit-linked insurance strategy ( which functions similar to a life insurance ) , and death-cum-retirement tip for Cardinal Government employees. Employees of public sector projects and other independent organisations may gain from Employees State Insurance, Employees Family Pension Scheme, lodging benefits, particular societal aid strategies for handicapped individuals, widows, dependent kids, etc † ( Aspalter 2003 ) . Till now India has witnessed assorted strategies, policies, ordinances and statute laws etc aimed at the public assistance of its citizens, the lone inquiry remains is that how the province has been able to turn this policies into world, inclusive of all citizens of the state particularly the marginal ‘s. The ulterior portion of this paper will seek to critically see a wellness strategy launched in the State of Maharashtra meant of the poorer subdivision of the society which aims at supplying free wellness strategies to BPL households. It will be chiefly based on unrecorded experience from the Fieldss as a pupil Social Worker. Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Arogya Yojana ( RGJAY ) The Maharashtra authorities launched the Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayi Arogya Yojana on 18th December 2011 with the purpose to enable households with one-year income of less than Rs. 1 million rupees to avail free medical installations deserving Rs. 1.5 million. The Maharashtra province Health Minister Suresh Shetty announced that said strategy, when to the full implemented, would profit close to 2.5 billion households ( The Hindu, 19 Dec. 2011 ) . The strategy will be implemented throughout the province of Maharashtra in phased mode for a period of 3 old ages. The strategy covers eight territory of the province boulder clay now ( Gadchiroli, Amravati, Nanded, Sholapur, Dhule, Raigad, Mumbai and Suburbs ) . The strategy is aimed at bettering medical entree installation for both BPL and APL households which will in bend enhance the quality of medical attention to BPL and APL households. The donees will each acquire a wellness insurance policy and the EMIs of which will be paid by the State authorities. The strategy will widen quality medical attention for identified forte services, necessitating hospitalization for surgeries and therapies or audiences, through an identified web of wellness attention suppliers. The Scheme will supply coverage for run intoing all disbursals associating to hospitalization of the beneficiary up to Rs. 1, 50,000/- per household per twelvemonth in any of the Empanelled Hospital topic to Box Ratess on cashless footing through Health cards or valid Orange/Yellow Ration Card. The benefit shall be available to each and every member of the household on floater footing i.e. the entire one-year coverage of 1.5 million rupees can be availed by one person or jointly by all members of the household. The Scheme will cover the full cost of intervention of the patient from day of the month of describing to his discharge from infirmary including complications if any, doing the dealing genuinely cashless to the patient. In case of decease, the passenger car of dead organic structure from web infirmary to the village/township would besides be portion of bundle. The Network Hospitals will besides supply free follow-up audience, nosologies, and medical specialties under the strategy up to 10 yearss from the day of the month of discharge. A When the beneficiary visits the selected web infirmary and services of selected web infirmary, harmonizing to the strategy shall be made available ( Capable to handiness of beds ) . In case of non- handiness of beds at web infirmary, the installation of cross referral to nearest another Network infirmary is to be made available and Arogyamitra ( the staff covering with the said strategy in a web infirmary ) will besides supply the donee with the list of nearby web infirmaries. All eligible households in the enforced territories will be provided with Rajiv Gandhi Jeevandayee Arogya Yojana Health Cards though this has non implemented wholly till now. For the clip being till the issue of wellness cards, the valid Orange/Yellow Ration Card with Aadhaar figure or, any Photo ID card of beneficiary ( if Aadhaar figure is non available ) issued by Government bureaus ( Driving License, Election ID, ) to correlate the patient name and exposure is accepted in stead of wellness card to avail the benefits by a donee. The Health Cards to be issued will be used for the intent of placing beneficiary households in the household under the said Scheme. The Family Health Cards will be issued by utilizing informations from valid Yellow or Orange ration cards coupled with Aadhaar Numberss issued by UID governments. Till now from July 2nd 2012 there is 78919 households have been registered under this strategy and 154571 patients have been benefited. Total of 43503 surgeries/therapies has been performed including both authorities and private infirmaries. ( Beginnings: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jeevandayee.gov.in ) The fringy population of Mumbai and the RGJAY One-half of the population in Mumbai is either homeless or lives in informal or semi lasting lodging. Harmonizing to the 2001 nose count of India, out of 11.9 million people populating in the metropolis, 5.8 million people lives in shanty towns or slums or on pavings ( Levinson, 2004 ) . A turning figure ofA migrantsA looking for employment and better life criterions are rapidly fall ining Mumbai ‘s stateless population. NGO’sA are assisting to alleviate the homelessness crisis in Mumbai, but these organisations are non plenty to work out the full job. And there are less figure of NGO ‘s working with this population with respect to wellness issues of this peculiar population. As I have been working with this population since the beginning of the MA class in TISS, I have some basic apprehension of this peculiar population and their issues with wellness and entree to wellness attention. Health attention for stateless people or people in destitution is a major public wellness challenge in Mumbai. They are more likely to endure hurts and medical jobs because their life style on the street, which besides includes hapless nutrition, exposure to extreme conditions conditions, and a higher opportunity of indulging in force and dependence to chemical substance and alcohol addiction. Yet at the same clip, they have small or no entree to public medical services. Many a times working as a pupil societal worker at the bureau where I have been placed, had to reason with hospital governments to acquire a street patient admitted. Unless they are non accompanied by any 3rd party ( NGO or the Police ) the infirmaries barely admits them. They are denied of basic installations of wellness attention. This peculiar population frequently finds troubles in keeping their paperss like individuality cogent evidence paperss, Because stateless people normally have no topographic point at all to hive away their ownerships, they often lose their ownerships, including their designation and other paperss, or happen them destroyed by constabulary or BMC which is really common in Mumbai. One a young person from Murti Galli, Khar route narrated me how he lost his paperss in Mumbai inundations, 2006. Many times they are chased off from the railroad platforms, foot waies etc. Without an ID cogent evidence, they are denied to entree many societal services schemes. Many do non possess basic citizenship cards, like elector ‘s ID, ration cards etc. Sing at the scope of exposures that this peculiar population faces and their issues with wellness, I have the sentiment that they should be the precedence as a mark group in any public assistance strategies. As a typical societal public assistance strategy RGJAY has neglected this peculiar unseeable population by utilizing a debatable standard to aim population ‘Within India, there has been turning controversy around the appraisal of poorness, peculiarly in the period of economic reforms. First, there are relentless dissensions among economic experts on whether the rate of poorness diminution after economic reforms was slower than in the preceding period. Second, the displacement to targeted, instead than universal, public assistance strategies has witnessed the usage of poorness estimations to make up one’s mind on the figure of families eligible to entree these strategies ‘ ( Ramakumar 2010 ) . The appraisal of poorness in India is controversial, with many committees coming up with different poorness lines. ‘Errors of â€Å" incorrect exclusion † in targeted programmes in India are due to the separation of the procedures of ( a ) the appraisal of the fig ure of hapless and ( B ) the designation of the hapless. It is for the absence of a dependable and executable method of uniting appraisal and designation that political and societal motions have been demanding the universalisation of public assistance strategies like the PDS ‘ ( Ramakumar 2010 ) . The RGJAY has besides used the undependable BPL/APL cards to place the donees excepting many of the population who needs such strategy the most. It ‘s high clip the authorities as a public assistance province device new aiming system for public assistance strategies which is inclusive of all the fringy and unseeable population, they are the 1 who needs such intercession the most, or universalise basic public assistance strategies with respect to wellness, nutrients and support etc. How to cite The Marginal Population Of Mumbai Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Breast Impants Essay Research Paper Breast ImplantsIShould free essay sample

Breast Impants Essay, Research Paper Breast Implants I. Should breast implants be concidered unsafe or are they safe for adult females to utilize? Small-breasted adult females in America say that they feel inferior or unfeminine in a civilization where chest size is a major issue. Popular manner theoretical accounts today are normally thin, but large-breasted, particularly those who model intimate apparel, flushing wear and swimwears. With American civilization looking to compare cleavage with amorousness, it is no admiration that some smaller-breasted adult females doubt their attraction and recive implants that make their chests larger.The explosive popularity of chest implants over the past three decennaries has waned late, nevertheless, as a consequence of a turning contention over their safety. Are breast implants unsafe? Do they do otherwise healthy adult females to go sick? Or are they a safe option for adult females who either lose a chest to malignant neoplastic disease or merely want to alter the manner they look? There are two chief sorts of breast implants-those filled with silicone gel and those filled with saline ( a salt-water solution ) enclosed in a difficult silicone shell. We will write a custom essay sample on Breast Impants Essay Research Paper Breast ImplantsIShould or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While critics contend that implants pose a menace to adult females? s wellness, guardians insist that that no cause and consequence relationship has been established between implants and disease. II. Why Women Want Breast Implants A 1986 Psychology Today study found that tierce of American adult females were unhappy with the size of their chests. For many grounds, personal organic structure image and self-pride are closely interwined. Young adult females are bombarded with images of the? Perfect? female body-often the kind of organic structure they feel that work forces most admire and covet, and a criterion that is about impossible to run into. Many misss foremost go body-conscious during adolescence, when they notice alterations in their chest sizes ; some adult females remain determined, frequently because of a lingering deficiency of self-pride or assurance, to seek through chest augmentation what they consider to be flawlessness. Eighty per centum of adult females who seek chest implants do so for decorative reasons-they privation to hold larger chests. The staying 20 % seek chest Reconstruction after they have had a mastectomy ( breast remotion ) due to malignant neoplastic disease. Many breast-cancer subsisters suffer important psychological injury at the loss of a chest, and chest implants are a important component in doing the adult females feel whole once more. Despite the 1000s of adult females who say they h ave encountered jobs with implants,90 % of adult females who have had breast-augmentation surgery are satisfied with the consequences, harmonizing to a 1990 study conducted by the American Society of Plastic and Reconstuctive Surgeons ( ASPRS ) . III. History of Implants 1962- Researchers invent foremost silicone-gel chest implants ; it goes on the market. 1969- Saline chest implants introduced. 1976- Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) given authorization to modulate chest implants. 1978- Dow Corning Corp.scientists tells FDA that surveies are necessary to find hazards of implants. 1988- FDA decides to see chest implants as Class III devices ; makers are required to subject informations on their safety. 1991- FDA notifies implant makers that they must subject safety informations. 1992- FDA imposes voluntary prohibition on sale of silicone-gel implants, mentioning deficiency of safety informations ; allows limited usage of that type of implant if receivers participate in surveies. 1994- FDA notifies shapers of saline implants that they must subject informations on safety. 1994- Mayo Clinic survey finds no nexus between silicone-gel implants and connective-tissue diseases. 1994- U.S. District Judge Sam C. Pointer approves largest merchandise liability colony in U.S. history: implant shapers are to pay out $ 4.25 billion over 30 old ages to adult females who say implants made them vomit. 1995- Dow Corning, the state? s largest implant maker until it ceased production of implants in 1992, declares bankruptcy in May, mentioning surging judicial proceeding costs. 1995- Harvard University survey reports no nexus found between silicone-gel implants and connective-tissue disease. IV. What Are the Dangers There are certain unchallenged jeopardies associated with chest implants, and makers say they have been clear about them. Among the hazards outlined by implant shapers: implants can tear or leak, weave around implants can indurate, do hurting and alter the chest? s visual aspect ( a status called? capsular contracture? ) , and implants can interfere with physicians? ability to observe tumours. In add-on to these dangers, there has been fear-although unsubstaintiated to date-that chest implants can do malignant neoplastic disease. In fact, merely one type of implant, once made by Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. , has been linked to malignant neoplastic disease, and that implant was withdrawn from the market in 1991. The FDA now says the hazard of acquiring malignant neoplastic disease from implant is one in a million, and non worth the hazard of holding the implant removed. The wellness argument has centered on the effects of silicone gel on the human immune system. Patients and their physicians allege that silicone implants have caused serious autoimmune diseases. An autoimmune disease is one in which the organic structure? s immune system attacks its ain cells. The implants are alleged to hold caused a figure of unwellnesss, including dermatosclerosis ( a hardening of the tegument and interior variety meats, which can be fatal ) , lupus erythematosus ( a disease characerized by redness of tegument, articulation, lungs or kidneys ) , and rheumatoid arthritis ( chronic articulation redness ) . The symptoms described by affected adult females include weariness, hurting articulations, roseolas and conceited lymph nodes. Some adult females who have had their implants removed say their symptoms have vanished and they feel absolutely healthy once more, while others claim that the symptoms have non disappeared. Implant makers and fictile sawboness insist that implants are safe. After several surveies, the scientific constitution has found no connexion between silicone-gel chest implants and these diseases, and even the American Medical Association ( AMA ) says it? s clip the FDA lifted the prohibition. Those who belive that implants play a causative function in disease, such as Dr.Sidney M Wolfe of the protagonism organisation Public Citizen Health Research Group, complain that the surveies have been flawed-they have non looked at the right indexs for disease, they have looked at excessively few adult females and they have been funded by partizan groups who could act upon their results. Wolfe and his protagonists want the FDA prohibition to remain in topographic point. V. In decision to if adult females should utilize chest implants I steadfastly belive that adult females should make up ones mind if they want to utilize them or non. I mean they already know the effects and dangers it might show so it? s thier decicion. I besides think that they should work more on look intoing all the hazards that chest implants may do because they are non wholly certain of the dangers that these things might do.