Of Mice And Men(Good) Essays - English-language Films, Films

Of Mice And Men(Good) The tale Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, is around two men who are united and share scarcely any great occasions, for example, every others organization, and the more overwhelmingly the terrible occasions. The two men battle the forlornness that was sloped during the Depression. The story starts in the lower regions of Salinas, California, in the Great Depression. Here we meet two men, who can convey the entirety of their assets in a bindle, and are ceaselessly anticipating how to get their own territory and live off of the ?fat a da land?. George, the intellectually more grounded of the two, tells his friend Lennie, how life will be on this real estate parcel. Lennie is continually requesting that George rehash his since it causes him to feel great and this is justifiable in light of the fact that Lennie has the psychological limit of a multi year old. Before the two men can buy this desired land parcel that they are after, they have to set aside enough cash. That is the explana tion they go to take a shot at a grain farm. This farm will change their lives until the end of time. While at the farm, Lennie breaks the hand of the supervisors' child and afterward inadvertently executes the spouse of the child. After Lennie murders the lady, and different past accidents at past occupations, George understands that as a result of Lennies mental ability, or absence of it, Lennie will proceed to hurt and perhaps execute others. George chooses to shoot Lennie in dread that on the off chance that any other person will get to him, that they will hurt him. All through this whole novel, there are numerous instances of forlornness. Steinbeck focuses on the topic of forlornness through the characters of Crooks, Candy, and Curley's significant other. The principal character Steinbeck uses to communicate dejection in his book is Crooks. Evildoers is an injured, dark, farm hand. He became disabled when a pony kicked him in the back. Likewise, as a result of his skin shading, he is never permitted in the other men's bunk to play a card game or simply hang out. Law breakers is isolated in the animal dwellingplace and wishes he had someone to remain with him. He indicated this when he said ?S'pose you didn't have no one. S'pose you were unable to go into the bunkhouse and play rummy ?cause you was dark'. How'd you like that (Page 72) Another statement Crooks says that shows that he is forlorn is the point at which he expresses, ?A person needs someone - to be close to him. A person goes crazy on the off chance that he ain't got no one. Try not to have no effect who the person is long's he's with you. I tell ya. I tell ya a person gets excessively desolate a' he becomes ill.? (Page 72I) The second character that Steinbeck uses to pressure dejection is Candy. Candy is an old farm hand who lost his turn in a machine. Candy turns out to be desolate when he loses his canine. A kindred laborer slaughtered his pooch after a large number of the men griped that the canine smelled and that it was just affliction, taking into account that it couldn't take care of itself. He offers to support George and Lennie arrive at their fantasy about claiming property on the off chance that he can live with them, doing little random temp jobs around the house and yard. He offers this since he is forlorn and isn't sure to what extent he will be kept around the farm. He discloses to them that he needs some place to go when he is given up. Andy communicated this in the novel when he says, ?When they can me here I wisht somebody'd shoot me. In any case, they won't do in no way like that. I won't have no spot to go, an I can't land no more positions.? (Page 60) Another model is when Candy mis ses his pooch subsequent to raising it from only a little puppy. This is let realized when Candy says, ?I should of shot that hound myself, George. I shouldn't of let no more abnormal shoot my canine.? (Page 61) Candy's just dream is of continually being somewhere where he is acknowledged. The last character that John Steinbeck underscores seclusion in is Curley's significant other. She tells the men on the farm how she is consistently forlorn

Title IX Essay Thesis Example For Students

Title IX Essay Thesis A Brief Overview of Title IX and how it impacts the two Men and Women Title IX ofthe Education Amendments of 1972 is the ?Federal law which disallows sexdiscrimination against the understudies and representatives of any instructive organization thatreceives Federal monetary assistance?(Mathews I-1). From June 23, 1972 allthe far up until today, there has been a consistent battle as to whatgender?equality really may be. Title IX has profoundly affected both maleand female understudies on school grounds the whole way across the nation, in light of the fact that as itgives one gathering of understudies openings, it, as it were, is capable forstealing ceaselessly those equivalent open doors from another gathering of understudies. There perhaps an endeavor to accomplish uniformity in school games dependent on gender,but this endeavor may really be making imbalance particularly with respect to thenumber of athletic chances, which are accessible for understudy competitors. Theeffects of Tit le IX on male understudy competitors are truly perceptible in that inorder to make an equivalent number of grant open doors for ladies, men mayhave to surrender their grants. A case of this is the claim of TomCaruso v. College of Arkansas-Fayetteville on May 27, 1993 (Curtis 6). Mr. Caruso was an individual from the Universities jumping group, and their choice todiscontinue the plunging program with an end goal to consent to the Title IXguidelines, was unquestionably out of line to him. Another case of disparity wheremale competitors are concerned is the choice that the Southeastern Conferencemade in 1995 that has required every one of its part organizations to give aminimum of two more womens sports than mens sports (Curtis 2). Byrequiring there to be two more womens sports than mens sports, men arelosing out on two extra chances to take an interest in intercollegiateathletics. Numerous schools and colleges are getting rid of non-revenuegenerating mens sports, for example, tennis, soccer, and track with an end goal to findthe extra assets to help the extra womens sports. The female studentathlete populace can feel the impacts and advantages of Title IX aswell. There are womens sports programs apparently springing up each day. Schools that fundamentally overlooked female sports in the past are currently offeringwomens tumbling, golf, volleyball, water polo, and so forth. Each and every femalesport that is being included isn't just giving chances to the ladies asathletes at the present time, yet in addition the chances to be associated with their specificsport when their playing profession is finished. Regardless of whether they search for positions ascoaches, athletic coaches, or managers, openings are certainly onthe skyline while previously, they had a restricted future with respect to thenumber of positions accessible, and due to the ?absence of equality between male andfemale pay rates in those positions? (Kovacs 16). Ladies may have a greater amount of avariety of sports to decide to take an interest in now, yet the all out number ofscholarship openings is still path beneath the open doors given to the men. Likewise, there are many establishments that are ?dawdling? whenit comes to consistence with Title IX. The guarantee of more open doors is outthere, however it appears to take some time for those vows to emerge. A hugemyth that has coursed from the earliest starting point of the Title IX battles is thatfootball projects will get wiped out if young ladies and ladies are offered theopportunity to play sports. Tragically, the sexual orientation value banter has boileddown to the legend that young ladies are not as keen on playing sports as young men. Andeven on the off chance that they are, the male-ruled games society doesnt need to include moresports groups for young ladies, since they are in dread that this will cause them tolose their preferred school football crew. The fantasy that womens volleyball ortrack will cause football an inopportune demise is foolish. In the event that for no other apparentreason, football is the ?money cow? at most colleges and without themoney that footb all programs bring into the games office financial plans, notmany different games could endure. Every one of that ladies need is the chance to playsports, not the chance to remove sports from men. By giving ladies theopportunity to partake in school sports, men are having opportunitiestaken away from them. On the off chance that you need young ladies softball and vaulting, at that point we aregoing to need to remove your young men lacrosse crew. The young ladies shouldnt reallybe accused here, in light of the fact that all they need is a chance to take an interest, justlike the men have accomplished for quite a long time. Ladies merit the chance, as do men, tonot just take an interest in school sports as competitors, yet in addition to partake incollege not far off as a chairman or mentor. By and by, the questionarises: In the endeavor to make fairness dependent on sexual orientation, by what method can youkeep from making imbalance? Its a disgrace that one sexual orientation may ne ed to sufferso that the other can endeavor to have ?equity?. .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f , .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f .postImageUrl , .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f .focused content zone { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f , .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f:hover , .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f:visited , .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f:active { border:0!important; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f:active , .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f:hover { darkness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f .ctaText { fringe base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; outskirt: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt sweep: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .ub42e59ec 471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .ub42e59ec471562326fecb1ae3cf5307f:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Hate Crimes EssayBibliographyCurtis, Mary C., Dr. Sexual orientation Equity in Sports. 26 June 2000. The University ofIowa Womens Intercollegiate Athletics Department Research on Title IXLawsuits and Voluntary Acts. *http://bailiwick.lib.uiowa.edu/ge/Title_IX.html.*Kovacs, Frank W. Title IX: Parity of Coaches Salaries for Male and FemaleAthletic Teams. Washington, D.C. National Education Association. 1979. Mathews,Martha. Actualizing Title IX and Attaining Sex Equity: A Workshop Package forPostsecondary Educators. Washington, D.C. Asset Center on Sex Roles inEducation National Foundation for the Improvement of Education. Se ptember 1978.

Patients with Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia - 275 Words

Quantitative Balance and Posture Measurement in Patients with Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia (Essay Sample) Content: Book Summary and Critical ReviewNameInstitutionBook Summary and Critical ReviewBook SummaryThe Journal presents results of research conducted on Quantitative Balance and Posture Measurement in Patients with Alzheimer Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia. It is structured into, abstract, introduction, methodology, findings, discussion, and conclusion. In the introduction, the researchers note that Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are the utmost prevalent neurodegenerative dementia. Morbidity in persons suffering from AD and FTD is common as a result of falls. In the methodology section, the researchers use eight patients of the same age and gender comparing them with a control group. AD and FTD groups were enrolled from the Geriatric and Neurology outpatient clinic while the control group included healthy volunteers from the surrounding community. The three clusters had their dynamic balance, limits of stability and gait assessed using Biodex Balance Master. The results showed the subclinical involvement of gait and balance in all groups especially when the patients were multitasking. Patients with both FTD and AD showed association overall ambulation index balance. The API and OBI of the dynamic balance for the control group and FTD group differed significantly between single versus dual task. In assessing limits of stability, FTD patient had challenges balancing on forward and lateral direction. AD patients struggled to balance in backward direction while the individuals in the control group had difficulty in left and forward direction. In general, Frontotemporal Dementia group performed worse in comparison to all the other groups in all subcomponent of balance. The study shows that gait problems exist in patients with AD and FTD as well as in healthy elderly. Older persons with the AD and FDT are more susceptible to balance problems. Hence the identification of varying patterns in subclinical stage may help to diffe rentiate normal aging from cortical dementias. These findings may aid in initiating appropriate postural support training techniques to avert future falls.Book ReviewIntroduction and Literature ReviewThe abstract clearly and concisely elaborates on the introduction, methodology, results, and conclusion. To establish the background of the study and justify the need for the study, the authors use academically appropriate and authoritative sources such as past studies and peer-reviewed articles. Furthermore, the author presents references accurately throughout the journal article. However, some sources such as the article by Sudarsky may be outdated since it was published over 27 years ago from the time of the study. Even though the literature review is appropriate and authoritative, it is not sufficient and does not emphasis on the critical comparison of different methodologies to identify gaps, flaws, and inconsistencies in theory and practice.Research Design and MethodologyThe study population included twenty-four male subjects of ages between 50-70 years divided into three sets of eight each. Since the study focused on men only and the sample size single sourced, replication of the results to female populations may not be accurate. More so the sample size of 24 participants is small thus the researcher may not be able to make vast generalizations about the findings.To ensure the protection of the study subject, the researchers sought informed consent from the subjects and sought clearance from Institute Ethical Committee. Exclusion criteria included subjects with the visual deficit and cardiovascular ailments. Using controls was important in understanding the variations among the study group. However, the research did not elaborate on the methodology used to select the control group or the confounding factors among the control group.Data collection procedure involved collection of gait data, dynamic balance, and stability limits hence informed the rationale b ehind the use of Biodex Balance Master Incorp equipment. The study utilized more than two trials each lasting 20 seconds to establish the reliab...

Learning Theory Free Essay Example, 2250 words

Constructivism is a philosophy of learning founded on the principle that, by reflecting on experiences, a person can construct his own knowledge of the world in which he lives. Each person generates his own "rules" and "mental models, " which he will use to comprehend his experiences. Learning then becomes a process of adjusting mental models to accommodate new experiences (Constructivism 2001). Constructivism views learning as a process in which the learner actively constructs or builds new ideas or concepts based on current and past knowledge. In other words, "learning involves constructing one's own knowledge from one's own experiences". Constructivist learning, therefore, is a very personal endeavor, whereby internalized concepts, rules, and general principles may consequently be applied in a practical real-world context (Learning Theory 2005). Constructivism itself has many variations, such as Generative Learning, Cognitive Apprenticeship, Problem-based learning, Discovery Lear ning, situated learning, and knowledge building. Regardless of the variety, constructivism promotes a student's free exploration within a given framework or structure. The methods of constructivism emphasize a person s ability to solve real-life, practical problems. In school, Students typically work in cooperative groups rather than individually; they tend to focus on projects that require solutions to problems rather than on instructional sequences that require learning of certain content skills (Conway 1997). We will write a custom essay sample on Learning Theory or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The job of the teacher in constructivist models is to arrange for required resources and act as a guide to students while they set their own goals and 'teach themselves'(Roblyer, Edwards, and Havriluk, 1997, p. 70). However, many educational psychologists found the behavioral approach unsatisfying. In the areas of problem-solving and learning strategies, they became more concerned with what was unobservable - what was going on inside the brain (Conway 1997).

Sports and Money - 1801 Words

Fatawu Mahama English H101 Prof. Kathleen Brady 14th November 2013 Sports Now a Business Sports is now a money making business in the human culture. In the United States, Every day millions of office and break time conversations center on the local team’s most recent performance, an upcoming game, the impending draft, the current coach, the future coach, and so on. according to the existing records, in United States of America, there are less than 110 Teams of the 4 main organized professional sports, basketball, baseball, hockey, and, football participating in the main League level fixtures annually. There are less than 90 Stadiums spread†¦show more content†¦There, excluding bonuses, USA TODAY found the average coachs salary is $1.4 million. Thats more than three times the average of $419,000 in the middle- to lower-echelon Conference USA, Mountain West, Western Athletic, Mid-American and Sun Belt. This is an empirical evidence that coaches now make millions in sports, both in professional sports and college sports. Sports has become a monetary attracting tool to schools involve in sports. Colleges involved in sports make huge sums of money from it, allowing them to extend their developmental infrastructures which attract government, private cooperation’s compensations and at a long run influence the admissions status of such schools. The University of Connecticut has doubled its admission level since it basketball team starts winning the national championship. This increase in the level of admissions will not only call for huge numbers of students but will attract all sort of national and international support to allow it manage this huge student numbers which interns will increase the school revenue. The University of Houston athletic department announced on the 3rd of October 2013, a record $504,000 in licensing royalties in 2012-13, it marks the first time the school athletic department has generated more than $500, 000 from the sale of athleticShow MoreRelatedDaily Fantasy Sports : Sports, Money, And A Lack Of Commitment1678 Words   |  7 Pagesdollar a year industry daily fantasy sports has exploded over the past decade. Millions of people enjoy playing fantasy sports every year. Daily fantasy sports is one of the most effective ways of bringing fans closer to the sports they love; well others use it to make big money. Comedian Jon Oliver Jokes, â€Å"Daily fantasy sports combine everything dudes love: sports, money, and a lack of commitment† (Oliver). Many people, like myself, had never heard of fantasy sports until just a few months ago. WhenRead MoreSports, Crime, And Money : Athletes Gone Wrong776 Words   |  4 Pages According to the article, â€Å"Sports, Crime, and Money: Athletes Gone Wrong†, written by Michael McCarthy with CNBC. Babe Ruth once said, â€Å"If it weren’t for baseball, I’d be in either a penitentiary or the cemetery.† Accessed on April 1, 2015 and Updated on August 19, 2013 Good Morning, My name is Emily Blaylock and today I want to discuss with you all professional athletes and domestic. I will go over the meaning and definition of domestic violence, views from sports leaders, and how domestic violenceRead MoreProfessional Athletes, Sports Cars, Mansions, And Money1961 Words   |  8 Pagesprofessional athletes, sports cars, mansions, and money all come to mind. What about after the pros? Most people would say that professional athletes are set for the rest of their lives with everything luxurious. In most cases, athletes are accustomed to the luxurious lifestyle and living for the moment while playing in the pros that they do not think of retirement and no longer receiving salary or comparable salary if securing alternative employment. So if they do not have money put away, whatever theyRead MoreHow Much Money Do College Sports Teams1365 Words   |  6 PagesHow much money do college sports teams bring in each year? How many endless hours of practice, do both the players and the coaches put in every week, so that they are prepared for the upcoming challenges in th e games to come? Throughout the decades, college sports have played a major role in people’s lives. Each sport requires athletes to have excellent physical skill and a competitive drive that urges them to win and succeed. The competition between schools continues to grow making the possibilityRead More Sports Stadiums: Turning Public Money into Private Profit Essay3646 Words   |  15 PagesSports Stadiums: Turning Public Money into Private Profit        Ã‚   Abstract:   The Stadium   construction boom continues, and taxpayers are being forced to pay for new high tech stadiums they don’t want.   These new stadiums create only part-time jobs.   Stadiums bring money in exclusively for professional leagues and not the communities.   The teams are turning public money into private profit.   Professional leagues are becoming extremely wealthy at the taxpayers expense.   The publicly-funded stadiumRead MoreCollege Athletes Should Be Paid For Their Participation1056 Words   |  5 Pagesshould get paid for their participation in a sport. I believe that college athlete should get paid. College athletes are taken advantage of in college athletics and deserve to be paid for their time, hard work, and dedication in a sport. College athletics are growing very fast and they are beginning to bring in more money. The highest revenue by a college right now is $196,030,398 by the University of Oregon. College athletes are no t seeing any of this money they are earning for their department. CollegeRead MoreThe Commercialisation of Sport Essay633 Words   |  3 Pagesof Sport The commercialisation of sport is not wholly beneficial as it has many disadvantages to it. Commercialisation is the promotion and development of a product as a business within a market place. This is done by the use of sponsorship, funding, selling, publicity and advertising within the media, which is all rooted from money. People invest in sport not only for the success that comes from it, but for the great deal of money that can be made in the sport businessRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1708 Words   |  7 Pagesjustifying spending additional amounts of money on collegiate sports, as well as the players, has become a very hot pressed topic in which the collegiate athlete is losing out on much of the money generated by their performances either on the field or the court. Because many of these players help bring in money to the university, they believe that a portion of that money should be given back to them. Millions of dollars are made each year in collegiate sports but few of those dollars have been givenRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1110 Words   |  5 Pagesjust a very tiny portion of the amount of money the NCAA earns in revenue each year from 23 different sports and over 150 universities. On the other hand, the players competing for these titles will earn no money whatsoever. Is this Fair? At first glance some may think it is not. Sure, these athletes are the cows truly bringing in the cash, but there are many compelling reasons why the college athlete is not and should not be paid. The facts are that the money earned from the NCAA is redistributed toRead More Should College Athletes be Paid? Essay1510 Words   |  7 PagesIn today’s society, one of the big controversies with sports is, should student athletes be be paid a salary? Some people believe that they should be paid and others would completely disagree. Even though they technically are being paid, they really are not. The only type of way the athletes would be paid is through financial aid or if they have a job. Only their education is being paid by the school. Although some people believe that they should be paid, it would not be a good idea at all.

Salinity Experiment Essay Example For Students

Salinity Experiment Essay Salinity ExperimentAimTo determine a method of measuring a soil samples salinity level in order to measure 3 samples salinity level. HypothesisI think that by running a current through a salt solution and measuring the resultant amperage, a pattern in the recordings will help find a soil samples salinity level. VariablesControlled Amount of solution (100 mL), supplied voltage (4V), amount of soil (50 gm) water (150 mL) in soil samples solution. Independent Amps recorded by ammeter. Uncontrollable Impurities dissolved into water. MaterialsPower pack; copper electrodes; ammeter; 8 different concentrations of salt solution (NaCl) 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 mols; beakers; filter papers; funnel; wires; retort stand; scales; 3 soil samples; distilled water. Method1) Pour 100 mL of 0.1 mol NaCl solution onto beaker, place electrodes in solution and run 4V through the circuit as shown in the following diagram2) Record amperage from ammeter. 3) Repeat steps 1 2 for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 3.5 mols NaCl solution. 4) Observe results for a pattern linking salt level and amperage. 5) Mix soil and water to dissolve salt from soil. 6) Filter mixture to remove soil. 7) Run current through sample as in step 1. 8) Record amperage. 9) Repeat steps 5-8 for other soil samples. 10) Compare these results to the previous results to find salinity levels of dirt samples. ResultsTable of Results for NaCl solutions. Concentration (mols)Amperage (mA)0.1850.51151.01501.52002.02302.52953.03703.5425Graph of results for NaCl solutions. Table of results for soil samplesSample IDAmperage (mA)1 In front of science room402 Oval103 Backyard15Explanation of ResultsThe amperage of the soil samples is very low compared to that of the NaCl solutions. This means that there is very little to no traces of salt in the chosen soil samples.

The Use Of Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports Essays

The Use Of Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports Steven Egg English Composition 100 Dr. Fergal ODoherty November A Causal Analysis: The Use of Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports Is the use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports dangerous? To what degree do these drugs really enhance strength, size, training ability, and muscular performance? Not only are the answers to these questions still unclear, they are the subjects of deep controversy. In order to understand why we are confronted with the problem of performance-enhancing drug use in athletics today, we must look at the history of the development of anabolic steroids: a group of powerful synthetic chemical compounds that resemble the natural male sex hormones (Schwarzenneger 722). Anabolic steroids were first developed in the 1930s as a therapeutic drug to treat growth hormone replacement in deficient children, menopausal symptoms, impotence, and the retardation of the effects of aging by stimulating the rate of synthesis of protein molecules (Biology 121 Web Project 1). These steroids are a simulated testosterone hormone of the steroid hormone group. The steroid hormones (which are also produced naturally) are synthesized from cholesterol. Most simply understood, the hormones function by passing from the blood stream into individual cells where they bind to a receptor and activate certain genes that cause the production of a protein, especially muscle proteins (et. al.). By the late 1940s, bodybuilders had discovered the effects of testosterone as a means to stimulate muscle growth and to make themselves train with more intensity and aggression (Schwarzenneger 723). In 1953, the first truly synthetic anabolic steroid was developed, having a strength-building effect three to five times higher than testosterone. From bodybuilders to other athletes, steroid use quickly gained popularity as the number of people who used them continued to rise (Biology 121 Web Project 1). In the 1960 Olympic games, the International Olympic Committee, for the first time, detected a case of steroid use-a Russian cyclist collapsed and died after using steriods (Meoreira de Araujo 1). At the 1972 Olympic games, a large number of athletes from a variety of sports were interviewed about their drug use and a total of 68 percent admitted to using anabolic steroids (Schwarzenneger 723). Throughout the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, additional forms of anabolic steroids were developed d espite a number of scientific studies being conducted on the effectiveness and dangers of their use (et. al.). Today, it is common knowledge that steroids cause some bodily harm. However, not everyone is familiar with the extent of the possible side effects. Listed below are several examples: (Meoreira de Araujo 5). ? Altered liver function caused by the stress placed on the liver while trying to remove steroids from the blood. ? Jaundice, peliosis hepatitis, hemorrhaging, and liver cancer are possible with prolonged use. ? Alteration of cardiovascular function: Effects include changes in the clotting of blood, atherosclerosis, and higher levels of cholesterol. ? Reduction of natural testosterone production. ? Increase of male sexual characteristics in females, such as, increased body hair, atrophied breasts, and deepening of the voice. ? Gastrointestinal disorders, including loss of appetite, diarrhea, constipation, and bloating. ? Muscle cramps ? Aggression ? Headaches and nosebleeds ? Gynecomastia (development of breastlike tissue in males). ? Increased susceptibility to tendon injuries. Now that the history and effects of steroid use have been explained, I believe the following to be the causes of steroid use: 1. Fear of the competition. 2. Physical appearance. Dr. James E. Wright, a noted authority on the subject of steroid use in athletics, states more than 90 percent of athletes in strength-related sports are using these drugs today. And, according to Arnold Schwarzenneger, the main reason athletes take them is because they know their competition is taking them and they dont want to give away an advantage. (723). Many beginner and intermediate bodybuilders, for example, who hear that the champions are using steroids, believe that they too can make enormous gains by taking these drugs. Studies done, however, on the effect of steroids do not bear this out (et. al.). Steroids have their greatest effect on size and strength only when the athlete has plateaued-that is, made about as much gain as possible without the use of drugs. Trained individuals respond to steroids much better than untrained ones. Gains are also maximized if training very hard during the period of